This course offers a forum for students to reflect upon specific public health topics within their field of study. Through discussion and presentation, students will have the opportunity to integrate their chosen topics into the public health curriculum, as well as to incorporate input and perspectives from other students' experiences. Through presentation and analysis, students hone their analytic skills, develop leadership capacity, and apply strategic communication techniques. This course forms a fundamental building block in the master's degree curriculum as students synthesize field-based learning with their classroom instruction and gain training for future leadership in public health.
The initial sessions will be led by faculty, who model seminar leadership and participatory discussion. Subsequent sessions will be co-led by students, who will rotate in this responsibility. In advance of each session, the lead students will work with faculty to refine the suggested reading list of documents or presentations for critical analysis and reflection. All participating students will prepare annotations and commentary, which will be available to other students, and will be a foundation for discussion in each session. An overall grade for such analysis will be awarded.
Students will present a brief list of key readings for a specific topic and a two-page outline of the proposed review for discussion before session 3. Students will start leading the discussion of those topics beginning in session 4 of the class. Where possible, the student(s) leading each session will have real-world work experience in that area. Students will be graded on their specific summary outline and the leadership of their class discussion. Students will then choose one topic to focus on, and will submit a final version of their review paper (to length and format required by the targeted journal) within seven days of the final session of the class (session 14).
For anybody who’s spent even a little time in public health circles, it doesn’t take much effort to list the many societal ills that desperately call for action. What’s equally important, though, is answering the classic question that’s bedeviled advocates for centuries: “What is to be done?” This course will help us sharpen our answers to that question through study of recent advocacy efforts around COVID-19; HIV/AIDS; climate change; reproductive rights; environmental justice/racism; mass incarceration and criminal justice reform (particularly in the context of the Black Lives Matter movement), and others. Along the way, we’ll also learn about enduring dilemmas scholars have identified that confront all health advocates. These include: the costs and benefits of working within (versus outside of) formal politics; framing rhetoric to reach wider audiences; the virtues and drawbacks of confrontational direct action; public apathy towards “health” issues; oppositional movements at complete odds with theirs; and more recently, the potential of social media.
This course also contains a skills component, where students will learn basic legislative, legal, and media research that can aid advocacy efforts.
This 16-week course during the first term of the DPT curriculum is the first in a series of two courses on evidence-based practice. It equips students to apply or translate research evidence to patient care practices and clinical decision-making.
This course is the first in a series of two courses, which prepare students with knowledge and skills to be an evidence-based physical therapist. The two courses are offered in the first two semesters of the Doctor of Physical Therapy program. The American Physical Therapy Association recognizes the use of evidence-based practice as central to providing high quality clinical care and decrease unwanted variation in practice. Evidence-based practice is a method of clinical decision-making and practice. It includes the integration of best available scientific research with clinical expertise and a patient’s unique values and circumstances. This course covers two major topics: 1) finding and appraising evidence to improve patient care; and 2) communication and technology for evidence-based practice. For the former topic, the focus is on intervention research studies and diagnostic research studies.
Climate science informs us that global emissions of greenhouse gas emissions must be rapidly and dramatically reduced if humanity is to avoid catastrophic climate change. After three centuries of rising emissions, the entire global economy must now decarbonize in the coming three decades. Fortunately, most of the technologies and investment capital necessary to reduce and eventually eliminate emissions exist or are in development, but the urgency to implement those solutions is critical.
This course provides an overview of climate change, its effects on business, and how businesses can (and should) respond. The course covers emissions sources and their impact on climate change, followed by an exploration of the policy landscape, including current legislation, carbon markets, and climate justice. The course then evaluates current and evolving mitigation technologies, reviews the tools of climate finance, and considers strategies for reducing emissions to net zero. Finally, the course introduces the role of businesses in addressing climate change, including net-zero goals, actions they can take to mitigate their impact, and the perspectives of shareholders.
Throughout the course, the business case for climate action is emphasized, highlighting the economic benefits of taking action to address climate change.
Program evaluation is an essential competence in public health. Across all areas of public health, stakeholders pose questions about effectiveness and impact of programs and interventions. This course will examine principles, methods and practices of evaluating health programs. A range of evaluation research designs and methods will be introduced and strategies to address challenges in real world program settings will be emphasized. The course will incorporate examples of evaluations of actual health programs and opportunities to learn through professional program evaluation experiences of the instructor. The combination of lectures, textbook readings, examples, discussions, in-class exercises, and an extensive applied group assignment to design an evaluation for a real program will help students gain evaluation skills and an appreciation for the art and science of program evaluation. The goal is for students to learn competencies required of an entry-level program evaluator, including design and implementation of evaluation studies and interpretation and communication of evaluation findings.
Tunisia, the birthplace of the Arab Spring, was a crossroads of many civilizations from its indigenous Berber population to the Phoenicians who founded Carthage in 814 BC, to the Romans who destroyed Carthage in 146 BC after three Punic wars, to the Arabs introducing Islam and Arabic in the 7th century, to the Turkish Ottomans who ruled Tunisia from 1574 to 1881, and more recently to the French who occupied Tunisia from 1881 to 1956. This melting pot of more than 3000-year history is what distinguishes Tunisia from other countries in the Middle East and North Africa. Because of its free trade agreements with Europe and several countries in Africa and the Middle East, Tunisia can potentially become a gateway to a market of more than a billion people. As Tunisia is still going through profound political changes following the initial upheaval of the Arab Spring in 2011, there are many questions that await. Will Tunisia transition to a stable democracy? Will it be able to create a business environment that is attractive to investors? If so, what investment opportunities exist in Tunisia? What are the risks involved and the future challenges? And, how best to enter such a market? The course will explore these questions with a focus on the entrepreneurship ecosystem and doing business in Tunisia. The course project involves working closely with start-ups from Africa. The project provides a truly immersive, multicultural experience where students will partner, mentor, coach, and interact with young entrepreneurs, both online and offline. Travel to Tunis will take place prior the class meetings, October 12-18, 2025. A predeparture meeting will take place on Tuesday, September 30 12:30-2:00pm to prepare students for the pre travel assignment and week of travel. This class will follow the A term add/drop period. No program fee refunds will be given after the add/drop period has closed. Upon return from Tunisia, the class will meet for 6 weeks during the fall B term; students will continue to work on their projects during this time as well. Global Immersion Program classes bridge classroom lessons and business practices in another country. These three credit classes combine half a term in New York with a one week visit to the country of focus where students will meet with business executives and government officials while working on team projects. The 2025-2026 Global Immersion Program mandatory fee for all classes is $2100 and provides students with double occupancy lodging, ground transportation and some meals. It does
The Master's Thesis is the capstone requirement of all students in all tracks of the MPH program of the Department of Sociomedical Sciences (SMS). The thesis is intended to reflect the training you have received in the MPH program and demonstrate your ability to design, implement, and present professional work relevant to your major field of interest. Writing the thesis is an essential experience that could further your career development. Employers seek in potential employees with a MPH degree the ability to write articles and reports, and want to see evidence that you can design studies, analyze data, write a needs assessment, and/or design a health program. If you plan to continue your academic studies, developing expertise and demonstrating your ability as a writer are two important skills required of doctoral candidates. A well-written paper is a great asset that you can bring with you to a job interview or include in an application for further study. The thesis ought to demonstrate your ability to think clearly and convey your thoughts effectively and thereby provide an example of your understanding and insight into a substantive area in which you have developed expertise.
This immersive course explores the dynamic tech landscape of Africa, with a special focus on Nairobi, Kenya. Known as "Silicon Savannah," Nairobi has emerged as a leading hub for innovation, startups, and technological advancement on the continent. The city is renowned for its vibrant tech ecosystem, which includes pioneering initiatives like M-Pesa, the revolutionary mobile money transfer service that has transformed financial inclusion across Africa. Throughout the course, we will delve into various facets of the African tech scene. We will learn about the historical evolution of technology in Africa and how Nairobi has become a pivotal center for tech innovation. The course will cover a broad spectrum of sectors where technology is making a significant impact, such as financial technology (FinTech), agriculture technology (AgriTech), healthcare technology (HealthTech), and educational technology (EdTech). The class will compose of a mixture of lectures that provide theoretical foundations and case studies and guest lectures from industry leaders. The in-country portion will have visits to tech hubs, startups, and multinational companies. M-Pesa will not only serves as a case study in the transformative power of mobile technology but also illustrates how African solutions can lead the way in global tech innovation. The course also aims to address the unique challenges faced by tech startups in Africa, such as regulatory hurdles, infrastructure limitations, and cultural factors affecting tech adoption. The class will allow students to identify and analyze these challenges while exploring the abundant opportunities within the African tech market. Ultimately, the course seeks to critically evaluate the impact of technology on economic and social development in Africa, fostering a deep understanding of how innovative solutions are driving progress across the continent. Please note this class will meet in the A term, and travel to Kenya will take place during December 6-13, 2025. A predeparture meeting will be held on November 20 during the lunch break. The 2025-2026 Global Immersion Program mandatory fee for all classes is $2100 and provides students with double occupancy lodging, ground transportation and some meals. It does not cover roundtrip international airfare. Attendance both in New York and in-country and regular participation are a crucial part of the learning experience and as such attendance is mandatory. Students who miss the first class meeting may be removed from the course. No program fee refunds
Prerequisites: G6215, G6216, G6211, G6212, G6411, G6412. Students will make presentation of original research in Microeconomics.
Brazil is the largest national economy in Latin America, and the world's tenth largest. It is one of the world's leading producers and exporters of food, it has become self-sufficient in energy thanks to the development of ethanol and deep-sea drilling and has a sizeable and well-developed consumer market. It is also a stable and peaceful democracy. However, it is a complex economy with large inequalities and systemic deficiencies in infrastructure, education, and basic services. After a spurt of healthy and resilient growth for more than a decade, the economy is facing serious headwind lately. Most of Brazil’s problems, however, are self-inflicted and can be corrected. The purpose of the Global Immersion Program is to understand the sources and the challenges impacting current and future growth in the Brazilian economy, identify business opportunities that appear as the country grows and, through your research towards the final project, gain in-depth knowledge and become an “expert” in an aspect of Brazilian business and economics that particularly interests you. Global Immersion Program classes bridge classroom lessons and business practices in another country. These three credit classes meet for half a term in New York prior to a one week visit to the country of focus where students will meet with business executives and government officials while working on team projects. Upon return from the travel portion of the class, students will have a wrap up meeting at Columbia Business School. The course consists of six 1.5-hour sessions in New York during the first six weeks of Fall 2025 semester before traveling to Brazil. There will be a follow-up post-visit class for 2 hrs on a Friday in the B term.. We will be visiting companies and meeting with business leaders in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Attendance and regular participation both in New York and Brazil are a crucial part of the learning experience and as such attendance is mandatory. Students who miss the first class meeting may be removed from the course. No program fee refunds will be given after the add/drop period has closed. Travel to Brazil will take place October 12-18, 2025 to Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The 2024-2025 Global Immersion Program mandatory fee for all classes is $2100 and provides students with double occupancy lodging, ground transportation and some meals. It does not cover roundtrip international airfare. Attendance both in New York and in-country and regular participation are a crucial part of the learn
Prerequisites: G6215, G6216, G6211, G6212, G6411, G6412. Students will make presentations of original research in Microeconomics.
This course provides an opportunity to learn about family enterprise, the predominant form of business worldwide, along with stakeholdership, sustainability, and innovation, through theory and practice that goes far beyond a typical class experience. Students will delve into the driving forces behind these timely issues, with specific focus on the Nordic region as a leader in each area. After a series of classroom sessions in NYC, students will travel to Sweden and Denmark, countries that are not only major players in the Nordics but also vibrant economies, innovative business environments, leaders in social enterprise, and consistent (positive) outliers on global "happiness" ratings. Other unique regional issues include current challenges caused by immigration shifts, transition from the Nordic model, and strong governance norms. English language fluency and relative openness and transparency about family and business provide an open window into personal experience and insights not always available elsewhere. Through site visits with principals, business executives, and experts at start-ups, foundations, and family businesses, students will have a chance to ask questions and compare notes on doing business, being family, and leading innovation with a sustainable focus in another part of the world. There is no better way to learn about family enterprise innovative business models than at the source. The trip will also provide an opportunity for students to travel with their peers and exchange ideas about the cross-cultural experience as it is happening. For this course, the Nordic region is defined as Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Sweden, and Norway. There will be six 90-minute sessions on campus during the A term, followed by a weeklong trip October 12 - 17, 2025, and a de-brief session after the trip. Course objectives are: • Increase understanding of the global role and importance of family enterprises through in-depth focus on the Nordic region. • Experience "behind the scenes" looks and engage in open discussions with family principals, owners and next generation members • Learn about cutting edge innovation and sustainable social enterprise, including in the family office context. •Explore stakeholdership in the region that was at the forefront of developing this vision of business. • Provide point of comparison to cultures in which students live and work. • Examine aspects of ownership and governance, including the Nordic industrial foundation. Global Immersion Program classes
Some of the questions that we examine include: What have been the main sources of growth for the UAE? What are the initiatives the government has taken to diversify the economy away from oil and to promote growth? What drives the dynamism of the UAE’s business environment and where do future opportunities lie? What role does the UAE play in global business, and how is this role evolving? How does the UAE collaborate (and compete) with Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and its other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) neighbors? What role might the UAE play in students' post-CBS careers and personal lives? The course will consider the UAE’s business landscape from three lenses: (1) enterprises focused on the UAE, (2) UAE-based enterprises serving the GCC and MENA region, and (3) global investors and businesses based in the UAE. To what extent is business in the UAE unique, and to what extent is it the same as business elsewhere? The group will be based in Dubai with day trips to Abu Dhabi and other emirates. During our week in the UAE, we plan to visit key institutions that help shape the business and financial environment in the country. During our on-campus sessions before we travel, we have guest practitioners share their expert perspectives on the UAE and the broader GCC region. Travel to Dubai and Abu Dhabi will take place October 11-18, 2025. The 2025-2026 Global Immersion Program mandatory fee for all classes is $2100 and provides students with double occupancy lodging, ground transportation and some meals. It does not cover roundtrip international airfare. Attendance both in New York and in-country and regular participation are a crucial part of the learning experience and as such attendance is mandatory. Students who miss the first class meeting may be removed from the course. No program fee refunds will be given after the add/drop period has closed. Please visit the Chazen Institute website to learn more about the Global Immersion Program, and visit the Global Immersion Policies page to review policies affecting these courses. Only second year students may participate in Global Immersion Program fall courses; please note exams scheduled during this week may be rescheduled and papers due during that week are expected to be turned in by their due date. Please note all international travel involves risk. We do not control the cities and companies we visit. We try our best to plan a safe trip with positive experience. However, if your tolerance for risk or uncertainties is low, GIP is not for you.
This course will provide an overview of theoretical perspectives and concepts relevant to the study of sexuality, particularly as they relate to public health. This entails exploring perspectives from across the social sciences, with an emphasis on sociology, anthropology, and histroy, and somewhat more limited reference to work in psychology and political science. Drawing upon assigned readings, lectures, discussions and individual assignments, students will develop the capacity to identify the strengths and limitations of perspectives used to frame research and interventions related to sexuality. Although the substantive focus of this course is the theorization of sexuality, over the course of the semester we will address a more fundamental question in public health – namely, what shapes ‘health behaviors’? Developing a sophisticated conceptualization of why people engage in behaviors that have detrimental health consequences, or conversely why they fail to take health-enhancing actions, lays the foundation for effective health promotion policies and programs. Because a great deal of sexual health promotion programming draws implicitly on behavioral science and interpersonal-level determinants of health practices, a goal of this course is to counter-balance that through an emphasis on the broader structural and institutional determinants of sexual practices.
This course is a review of both recent as well as field-changing scholarly work from the last fifty years that shapes and shaped the historiography of the premodern Middle East, broadly defined. It is designed to aid graduate students in this field to understand the history of their craft, of current intellectual debates, and of major historiographical trends. In the process of refining their own understanding and interests in the field, students will also deepen their understanding of the premodern history of the region. This course is relevant for students of the premodern Middle East, premodernists in general, as well as students of the modern Middle East and adjacent regions.
Disparities in health and illness related to social and economic inequality in the U.S. Theoretical and empirical research on factors linked to class, gender, racial and ethnic differences that have been hypothesized to explain the generally poorer health and higher rates of mortality among members of socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Concepts, theories and empirical evidence will be examined to expand our understanding of the impact of structural factors on health behavior, lifestyles and outcomes.
This course focuses on the critical factors and approaches that managers and sophisticated investors use to identify and value attractive business opportunities and investments in the medical technologies sector. It will provide students with an understanding of the current economic and competitive environment for the development and commercialization of new medical devices, including regulatory, pricing, and reimbursement factors. It will highlight new emerging technologies in the field, and explore how to assess such novel technologies and build commercial models for valuation purposes.
Guest speakers from the medical device industry (company executives, physicians/ surgeons, investors, investment bankers) and investment case studies will be used to provide students with practical insight into this complex sector. Critical issues to be examined include:
- Strategies and risks associated with discovering, developing, and approving new medical technologies, including impact of government oversight and regulation;
- Pricing/reimbursement and health policy/ legislative matters impacting the medical technology sector; - Keys to evaluating novel medical technologies and analyzing business drivers and future performance of medical device & diagnostic companies (public and private);
- How to build commercial models, including valuation methodologies that successful investors use to value/price companies in this sector;
- Conducting due diligence and market analysis on medical technologies from which to formulate investment ideas;
- Considerations in taking long and short investment positions in this sector.
The course is cross-functional in its approach and focuses on real-world" problems currently facing senior managers and investors in this sector. This course will be useful for students interested in careers in the life science and healthcare services sectors, as well as healthcare consulting, investment banking, equity research, venture capital, private equity, and investment management given the large and growing healthcare practices of such firms. Some understanding of, or experience in, the healthcare/medical technologies sector will be highly valuable."
Over the 17 years that I have taught this course, I have tried to present students with articles that would provide an exposure to the growing body of research, commentaries, and critiques that discuss the relationships between race, ethnicity, and health. The premise upon which our work is based is rather simple: race is highly correlated with health status, but after many years of investigating this association, researchers are not entirely clear what this association means, nor are they clear how to use their research to improve the lot of people of color who are at risk for a wide variety of health conditions. Put more precisely, we don’t know what it is about someone’s race that causes the excess morbidity and mortality that is observed among members of so many ethnic minority groups. Typically, in the first class of the semester, students find this to be a puzzling way of defining the key issues in race and health. Given the dynamics of last year’s presidential elections where race played a huge role, it seems all the more bizarre to suggest that race is a concept of limited value to the science of public health. To students born in this country or who have lived here for an extended period of time, nothing could be more obvious than the fact that race matters. Racism is a fact of American life, and that its victims should suffer poorer health status than mainstream Americans seems almost self-evident. As the semester progresses and as the critique of current health research about race becomes more pronounced in the readings, students of all races, I hasten to add often feel compelled to say: “I don’t care what the articles say, race MATTERS!!!!!” Agreed. Race does matter, and it often matters in ways that are intensely personal, painful, and gut-wrenching. But the point of this course is not to deny the student’s personal experience of race, but rather to ask you to look beyond such experiences to develop a science of public health that specifies how and in what way race “acts” to cause the excess morbidity and mortality we observe in so many communities of color.
Prerequisite: Instructor-Managed Waitlist.
Propaganda, Russia and the World Information War is a highly current guide to propaganda and disinformation, the geopolitical impact of information, and how false, weaponized narratives threaten the world's news and information environment.
The course teaches how propaganda and disinformation work, the most effective ways to counter them, and the effects of artificial intelligence. The course draws many of its examples from information operations by Russia, but also considers operations by state and private actors worldwide. This includes overt and covert activities by Western governments, including in the Ukraine war.
The course also discusses information at a more philosophical and sociological level. How do we receive and process information? Can there actually be more than one truth? What is the future of the world’s information climate given all the political, social, and technological stresses on it?
The course is aimed at students with interests in geopolitical analysis involving Russia or any region; the techniques of public persuasion, in any context; or in countering propaganda and disinformation.
Interested students are encouraged to contact the instructor at
tjk17@columbia.edu
.
Overview of medical anthropology, the examination of health, disease, and medicine in the context of human culture. Examine the relationship between culture, structural factors, and health gain ways to utilize ethnographic, anthropological, and qualitative data in health interventions, policy, and evaluation gain critical skills in evaluating the adequacy and validity of formulations about 'culture' and 'tradition' in health programs and research become familiar with range of work on culture and health, domestically and internationally acquire skill in utilizing data about culture and health at macro and micro levels.
This half-semester course introduces students to the marketing tools and audience development strategies available to the not-for-profit theatre institution. It starts with an investigation of theories of relevance; an assessment of who is (and is not) currently in the audience and why; and a look at the role that mission and vision play in shaping an institution’s engagement plans and priorities. Through case studies, related readings, and writing assignments, the remaining weeks explore the different techniques by which a theatre can connect with potential theatregoers, including paid advertising, direct response, online/social media, and surveys/research studies.
This half semester course provides students with the opportunity to perform due diligence on early-stage social ventures
(nonprofit and for-profit ventures with a social or environmental mission). This course is designed for MBA students
interested in impact investing, social entrepreneurship, or philanthropy. The objective of the course is for students to
learn both the theory of investing in early-stage social ventures and the practice of evaluating early-stage social ventures
through a due diligence process. This course is not designed for the evaluation of larger, well-established social
enterprises.
Students are placed in teams to evaluate social entrepreneurs from the Columbia University community who have applied
for funding from the Tamer Fund for Social Ventures. The course is a combination of in-class lectures and discussion, and
practical application of class lessons outside of the classroom. Major topics covered include: the due diligence process,
assessing venture pitches and teams, due diligence in emerging markets, due diligence of non-profits, impact
measurement and management, and valuations and deal structure.
During the course, each student team completes detailed due diligence on their assigned social venture, including
diligence on applicants, the social venture and the sector. The course concludes with student teams submitting a written
due diligence report and a recommendation for funding to the Investment Board of the Tamer Fund for Social Ventures.
Aspects of the commercial theatre with perspectives from Executives of The Shubert Organization.
The Shubert Organization owns 17 Broadway, 6 Off-Broadway and 2 “road” theatres. It is a multi-million dollar company with significant real estate holdings, a substantial investment portfolio, a major ticketing operation and over 1,500 employees. But whether you are dealing with a 1,750-seat theatre or a converted garage, the issues are the same: What shows should be produced/booked? How to find an audience for them? How to make the most of ever-advancing modes of technology? How to contend with artistic, financial, organizational and legal challenges? The fundamental question: How to present the finest work in the best possible circumstances for the largest number of people in order to achieve the greatest artistic and financial return possible?
Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) has received growing attention over the past several decades as international, domestic, funding agencies and researchers have renewed a focus on an approach to health that recognizes the importance of social, political, and economic systems to health behaviors and outcomes. The long-standing importance of this approach is already reflected in the 1988 Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) landmark report The Future of Public Health and many other publications. The report indicates that communities and community-based organizations are one of six potential partners in the public health system and that building community-based partnerships is a priority area for improving public health. CBPR is not a method but an approach to research and practice that involves the active collaboration of the potential beneficiaries and recognizes and values the contributions that communities and their leaders can make to new knowledge and to the translation of research findings into public health practice and policy. CBPR is a collaborative approach to research that recognizes the value of equitably involving the intended beneficiaries throughout all phases of research and/or intervention design, implementation, and evaluation. CBPR is also an important approach to advance health and social equity and is essentially a way to promote and operationalize health and social equity in research settings.
Behavioral and environmental factors are major determinants of today's most pressing health issues. Community-level behavior change and health promotion interventions are promising strategies to address these issues on a large scale. This course will provide an overview of program planning, implementation, and evaluation – essential public health services and fundamental competencies for professionals working in the field of public health. Although the PRECEDE-PROCEED model will be used as the framework for the course structure and individual assignments, other planning models will also be presented and discussed. By the end of the course, students will develop a deep understanding of the complex processes involved in organizing public health programs, and learn the skills necessary to create a program and evaluation plan in a local community.
Health Literacy is defined in Health People 2010 as “the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services for appropriate health decisions” In this course we will explore the multi-layered interactions between health and literacy. We will begin by examining the issues related to literacy in the US and transition to the concept of health literacy. We will discuss issues related to reading comprehension, and usability of health related materials. The class will evaluate the major health literacy assessment instruments, learning how to administer these for different populations. We will focus on the role of language and culture as confounders to health literacy. Time will be spent assessing and then developing appropriate health materials for print, visual, auditory and internet venues. The course will shift towards examination of different health situations utilizing a health literacy approach including the research participants and informed consent, health literacy and medication/adherence, patient-physician communication models, and risk comprehension. Finally we will examine special topics including emergency preparedness. The classes are designed to include a mixture of didactic lectures, analysis of reading materials, group discussion and exercises.
This course focuses on the development of a fundamental knowledge base for the assessment, diagnosis, and management of patients presenting for sexual and reproductive healthcare in primary care settings. Topics include the most common sexual and reproductive health maintenance issues and challenges across the life cycle. This course include an overview of deviations from sexual and reproductive well-being that are within the scope of practice of the advanced practice nurse practitioner and identifies conditions that require collaborative management and/or referral. A simulation lab session concurrent to the course enhances and grounds the didactic experience.
This course focuses on the essential technology and procedures utilized in the management of the critically ill that is inherent to the role of this nurse practitioner. During laboratory/clinical experiences psychomotor skills and the use of advanced technologies for the nurse practitioner will be developed along with the skill of oral/written presentation of select patients.
Theoretical Foundations of Sociomedical Sciences is the first in a two-semester seminar series that is required for all doctoral students in the Department of Sociomedical Sciences. This seminar will examine a number of the major theoretical traditions – and enduring problems – that undergird contemporary practice in the sociomedical sciences. The historical review in the fall – like the critical examination of current research projects in the spring – will be guided by the framing interests and signature emphases of the department: urban environs in transformation, social structures and axes of inequality, disparities in morbidity and mortality, agency and identity, social construction and production of health and disease, globalization and marginalization. The overall aim is to familiarize students with the relevant interpretive/analytic traditions, provide a rehearsal stage for testing out particular tools and frameworks in compare- and-contrast exercises, and build the theoretical foundations that will enable them to critically assess contemporary work in the field. Close reading, class discussion, and reflective writing will be the practical means we employ to get there.
The student is introduced to the signs, symptoms and DSM-5 classification of psychiatric disorders across the lifespan. Special emphasis is placed upon the ability of the student to conduct and record a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation to American Psychiatric Association (APA) standards in conjunction with instruction provided in the clinical practicum.
This practicum is designed to provide an opportunity for students to learn how to interview psychiatric patients in order to formulate and record a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation.
This seminar is designed for pre-doctoral students from the Departments of Sociomedical Sciences, Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Population and Family Health who have been accepted to the T32, on Social Determinants of HIV, a training grant sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health. Students in this T32 program are required to take this 2-year seminar (1 credit per semester). The seminar will highlight structural interventions designed to reduce the impact of HIV among underrepresented populations, professional development issues; funding mechanisms such as diversity supplements, diverse research careers for doctoral students in public health, and guest speakers who are experts in HIV structural interventions and social determinants of health. Students will lead many of the seminar discussions and they are given the opportunity to present their work in progress. Graded on a pass/fail basis.
The Independent Study is available to students who would like to explore a significant research problem related to their professional needs; the nature and extent of this independent study are determined by the student and a faculty sponsor. In certain instances, professional work at an internship or other engagement may be appropriate for academic credit through the Independent Study; this should also be determined with the guidance of a faculty member.For the Independent Study, students are required to meet with the faculty sponsor a minimum of two times: once, for an initial planning discussion, and again in the middle of the semester to confirm that the project is on track. The student must provide written confirmation of this second meeting, signed by the faculty sponsor, to the Office of Student Affairs. Students are expected to commit to the original project plan approved by the faculty sponsor; any change to the topic or scope of the project must be agreed to by the professor prior to the midpoint of the semester. Students who fail to obtain this approval risk not receiving academic credit for the course.The student may register for an independent study only once in a term; the course may be taken for either 1.5 or 3 credits. The independent study is designed to be independent of the classroom experience; it may not be used asa means of adding a seat to a course with a full capacity.No more than six credits of Independent Study will be counted toward the MBA degree. (For dual degree students, the maximum number of independent study credits is 3.) The number of allowable Independent Study credits may be lower if the student has also taken B9002 Field Studies or cross-registered. For details, follow the degree requirements links at the bottom of the screen.Students should bring a completed Independent Study Application form, signed by the faculty sponsor, to the Office of Student Affairs prior to registration for the course.
Medical Spanish, across all clinical disciplines, has gained support as the population of LEP (Limited English Proficiency) patients has grown. Although electronic communication devices may aid the clinician during the patient encounter, nothing can substitute for comprehensive training in basic anatomy and communication in the target language. Appreciating different Hispanic cultures and their approaches to health care also has a positive impact on quality of care, compliance, and affirmative clinical outcomes. Interviewing and conversation skills are developed. Target vocabularies are related to patient medical history (Hx), PT assessment and goals. Cultural competency is a central component.
The Independent Study is available to students who would like to explore a significant research problem related to their professional needs; the nature and extent of this independent study are determined by the student and a faculty sponsor. In certain instances, professional work at an internship or other engagement may be appropriate for academic credit through the Independent Study; this should also be determined with the guidance of a faculty member.For the Independent Study, students are required to meet with the faculty sponsor a minimum of two times: once, for an initial planning discussion, and again in the middle of the semester to confirm that the project is on track. The student must provide written confirmation of this second meeting, signed by the faculty sponsor, to the Office of Student Affairs. Students are expected to commit to the original project plan approved by the faculty sponsor; any change to the topic or scope of the project must be agreed to by the professor prior to the midpoint of the semester. Students who fail to obtain this approval risk not receiving academic credit for the course.The student may register for an independent study only once in a term; the course may be taken for either 1.5 or 3 credits. The independent study is designed to be independent of the classroom experience; it may not be used asa means of adding a seat to a course with a full capacity.No more than six credits of Independent Study will be counted toward the MBA degree. (For dual degree students, the maximum number of independent study credits is 3.) The number of allowable Independent Study credits may be lower if the student has also taken B9002 Field Studies or cross-registered. For details, follow the degree requirements links at the bottom of the screen.Students should bring a completed Independent Study Application form, signed by the faculty sponsor, to the Office of Student Affairs prior to registration for the course.
Theatrical experiences are more frequently crossing borders to not only share art around the world, but also to remain financially and culturally sustainable. This is the first course offered by the Theatre Program that looks at the vision and logistics of bringing theatre to places all over the world.
“The work of a director can be summed up in two very simple words. Why and How.” -- Peter Brook,
On Directing
As theatre producers and managers, we’ll ask “Why and How” in a preliminary investigation into the missions and mechanics of producing international festivals and tours. We will consider our roles as members of the international performing arts community and our relationships to our artists, our audiences, and our international partners and colleagues.
In this course, graduate students from different disciplines will explore the ‘Orient’ in Manhattan. The course involves the active search for and analysis of Manhattan's urban space to survey its ‘Oriental’ buildings, monuments, parks, public inscriptions, and even ephemeral, everyday spaces that carry the sense of the ‘Orient’ to the city. Cities are physical places, yet, they are also assemblages of different layers of time, and geographies. These layers are designed to create communal identities and evoke recollections of past memories. Focus will be put on the written history of these spaces by searching in archives (in the City of New York) and digging out written and oral information about the histories of the formation of these spaces and their interactions with their surroundings.
The course will cover many monuments, like the famous obelisk in Central Park or the lessknown Jordanian column in Flushing Meadows Park in Queens; public buildings like Central Synagogue on Lexington, the Islamic Cultural Center on Upper East Side Mosque, or Olana State Historic Site in Hudson, NY; but also, the inner decorations of restaurants, bars (the Carlyle Bar) and even oriental Halal shops, as well as ephemeral spaces like international fairs, and Cairene grill boots.
Traditionally, Islamic art and Islamic architecture have been studied separately within art history and architecture history disciplines. The purpose of this course is, in the first place, to bridge the gap between the two disciplines while working across theories of visual culture and critically revisiting urban studies. A further aspect evolves the discourse about architectural ornament as part of the entire approach to ornament as an ‘Oriental’ trope. Thus, canonical discussions about Orientalism will form part of the course’s readings and will contribute to understanding how the architectural ornament of Manhattan forms identities. The course will introduce and discuss theoretical issues concerning urban architecture and ‘Orientalism’ and the making of the image of ‘Others’ in NYC public spaces. It will also provide a historical survey of these spaces and aim to create a novel comprehensive map for ‘Orientalized’ New York.
This elective is offered to students who have an interest in vestibular rehabilitation and wish an introduction to this emerging field of clinical expertise. The vestibular rehabilitation course introduces the student to signs and symptoms of vestibular dysfunction. Assessment techniques, types of recovery, and interventions directed toward the different types of dysfunction (e.g. otolithic, canalithic, and mechanical) are introduced to and practiced.
This course is designed to prepare the entry-level physical therapist on the unique approach in completing an evaluative screening and treatment plan for a patient with pelvic health issues. Many pelvic health issues are frequently under-reported and under-diagnosed based on common misconceptions and social stigmas associated with these sensitive and personal conditions. As we move into our doctoring profession, health and wellness can be part of the cornerstone of a pelvic health specialty, however, appropriate and timely diagnosis and treatment is essential. Physical therapists are an integral part of the multidisciplinary approach assisting women and men to overcome and manage health issues. This course is designed to enable students, as entry-level clinicians, to improve care for clients throughout their lifespan based on emerging scientific and clinical evidence related to medical conditions unique to pelvic health, and those which occur more frequently in women or present differently in women. The course will include presentations for key pelvic health specialty and subspecialty disciplines including bone health across the life span, obstetrics and gynecology, chronic pelvic pain, bladder and bowel dysfunction, nutritional dysfunction, cancer rehabilitation and fibromyalgia. Topics will primarily target women from adolescents, childbearing, peri-menopause, menopause, post-menopausal and geriatric years. The pelvic health specialty will also cover similar topics for the male and pediatric populations.
Quantitative pricing and revenue analytics collectively refers to the set of practices and tools that firms in various industries use to quantitatively model consumer preferences, segment their market, and tactically optimize (often in micro targeted or personalized manner) their product assortment, pricing, and promotion strategies. The origins of this field, often referred to as revenue management as it is also called, are in the airline industry during the late 80s. The prototypical question is how a firm should set and update pricing and product availability decisions across its various selling channels in order to maximize its profitability. In the airline industry, as most of us know, tickets for the same flight may be sold at many different fares, the availability of which is changing as a function of purchase restrictions, the forecasted future demand, and the number of unsold seats. The adoption of such systems has transformed the transportation and hospitality industries, and is increasingly important in retail, telecommunications, entertainment, financial services, health care, manufacturing, as well as on-line advertising, online retailing, and online markets. In parallel, pricing and revenue optimization has become a rapidly expanding practice in consulting services, and a growing area of software and IT development. We will be doing a hands-on dive into the above tools in the context of 2-3 case studies and datasets, in conjunction with lectures to set the stage. The case studies will cover markdown pricing for a retailer, demand and inventory data for a self-storage company, customer research data of a mortgage lender, and peak load pricing data for a highway toll booth.Through this course, students will be able to model and identify opportunities for revenue optimization in different business contexts. As the ensuing outline reveals, most of the topics covered in the course are either directly or indirectly related to customer segmentation, demand modeling, and tactical price optimization.TextbookOne recommended book for the course is by Robert Phillips titled "Pricing and Revenue Optimization. This will primarily be done in teams, much of it in class, and with the help of the TA(s) and the professor. Sample code will be shared for various parts of these analyses. Course deliverables align. Apart from class participation (30% of the total grade), the other course deliverables consist of a set of in-class (homework) assignments (40%) and a take-home final exam (30%).Class participation: I wi
This is a Law School course. For more detailed course information, please go to the Law School Curriculum Guide at: http://www.law.columbia.edu/courses/search
Clinical Seminar in Adult-Gerontology Acute Care is designed to provide the AG-ACNP student an academic environment in which the students share their practicum experience and present case studies and journal articles for discussion with their peers. In this scholarly forum, the students are expected to present selected cases from their practicum in an organize forma. The students are expected to facilitate a class dialogue and offer appropriate references.
This course builds on Priorities in Global Health (PHGH P6811). Maintaining a multidisciplinary focus, the course presents five case studies of global health programs for in-depth study. The course first introduces systems thinking and its application to public health. Using a case study approach, students will then study the global and regional politics and local social contexts in which global health problems occur and will learn to analyze the successes and shortcomings of global public health interventions from a systems perspective. The course is open to students enrolled in the Global Health certificate (or by instructor's permission).
This course will provide an opportunity for the student to synthesize and integrate the knowledge obtained in Diagnosis and Management of the Acutely Ill Adult II. This is the second clinical practicum for the student to evaluate and manage adult patients in an acute care setting. Students will be expected to demonstrate their ability to evaluate and manage the patient through the techniques of history taking, physical examination, medical decision-making, coordination of appropriate care using a holistic approach, and collaboration with the medical team. The student should demonstrate progressive independence in the management of patients.
Does the long history of South Asia reflect only a teleologic march towards the partition of the subcontinent in 1947? What modes and practices, histories and concepts, which emerged in, say, the second millennium alone allow us a glimpse past the divisions, ruptures and conflicts which pre-dominate contemporary political and historical understanding? This graduate seminar takes the longue durée approach to the study of “Partition” by examining illustrated and illuminated epics and histories from the 14th century to the 19th century. This visual and textual production is put in conversation with modern contemporary artists who interrogated, imagined and wrestled with the Partition. Illustrated texts include: the Awadhi Chandayan (14th c.), Pancatantra via Anvar-i Suhayli (15th c.), and Mahabharata via Razmnama (16th c.). Artists include: Zarina Hashmi (1937-2020), Lala Rukh (1948–2017), Shahzia Sikander (b. 1969) and Varunika Saraf (b. 1981). The class will use collections housed at the MET and will also meet at the MET or IFA
.
The U.S. healthcare system is an enormously complex, trillion-dollar industry. It includes thousands of hospitals, nursing homes, specialized care facilities, independent practices and partnerships, web-based and IT supported service companies, managed care organizations, and major manufacturing corporations. Healthcare is the fastest growing component of many consulting practices and investment portfolios. In dollar terms, it accounts for over 18% of GDP and is larger than the total economy of Italy. It continues to grow in size and complexity, complicating the long-standing problems of increasing costs, limited consumer access, and inconsistent quality. And, the historic Affordable Care Act has resulted in significant changes throughout the entire industry and will have major implications for years to come. This tremendous dynamism is unmatched by any other industry and offers incredible opportunities for new business endeavors."
The Sports Rehabilitation elective is designed as an introduction for students wishing to gain competencies related to physical therapy for the high-school, collegiate, professional, or weekend athlete. It is intended to give the sports physical therapist a broad understanding of sports-related issues that affect the delivery of physical therapy for the competitive athlete across the lifespan. Lectures/presentations on special sports-related topics, combined with laboratory experiences, provides the student in their final year of the DPT program, an opportunity to gain specific sports knowledge and perspectives on the field for future practice.
This elective teaches the student detailed biomechanical evaluation and manual physical therapy intervention of the lower limb and foot/ankle joints. The application of clinical biomechanics to the assessment and treatment of abnormal biomechanics and its resulting joint and soft tissue dysfunction will be discussed, demonstrated, and practiced. Current available literature and evidence for examination and intervention will be discussed. The course builds upon content taught in prior orthopedic classes.
Students will learn to formulate a differential diagnosis for a variety of foot and ankle complaints that may be seen in a direct access setting. Emphasis will be placed on clinical assessment and associated treatment. A biomechanical assessment of the foot and ankle will be used to determine appropriate manual treatment techniques. Students will learn to observe gait and to assess the neuromuscular control of the foot and ankle in both weight-bearing and non weight-bearing. Movement analysis, x-ray, diagnostic imaging, and clinical videos will be used as teaching tools. Evidence-based practice will be highlighted and dealing with the dearth of good evidence of the foot and ankle will be rationalized.
Physical therapy education relative to an understanding of the various types of headaches, orofacial pain and temporomandibular disorders (TMD), as well as their inherent patho-physiological mechanisms, are commonly not covered sufficiently within the entry-level or graduate physical therapy curriculum. This specialty course has been designed to fill the void, which exists beyond the evaluation of the cervical spine and provide knowledge as well as training in definitive evaluative and therapeutic skills unique to this specialty area.
This course is designed to provide the information and necessary skill to delineate the major types of headaches, orofacial pain, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) movement disorders and associated symptoms that originate from the craniofacial and temporomandibular regions from those of a cervicogenic and/or comorbid origin. An in-depth understanding of the anatomical and neurophysiological factors relative to the trigeminocervical, sub-occipital and temporomandibular complex, as well as the cranium in relation to headaches and orofacial pain will be presented. Sub-occipital, orofacial, temporomandibular and cranial pain/dysfunction syndromes will be analyzed with emphasis placed upon their delineation and subsequent development of comprehensive therapeutic paradigms. Workshop sessions will follow the lectures and focus upon case study analysis, proper sequencing and use of manual upper ¼ and craniofacial (intra & extraoral) soft tissue and joint mobilization techniques, therapeutic exercise, adjunctive modalities, dry needling as well as postural and ergonomic intervention for the reduction of pain and inflammation, restoration of function and prevention of recurrence.
This elective course is designed as an introduction for students wishing to gain competencies related to physical therapy for dancers. Target patient population will be ballet, modern and post-modern dancers. The elective will help students begin to develop a template for structuring assessment and interventions with the above patient population, as well as cultivate the independent clinical reasoning skills required in a direct-access environment.
Populations (dancers, dance teachers, and choreographers) in settings specific to their professions and emphasizing lifespan issues in the field. The condition of direct access in on-site facilities enables patients to contact PT quickly when troubles arise and encourages the clinician in clinical decision-making early in the history of an injury or condition. The elective will emphasize recognition of certain characteristic patterns of injury, differential diagnosis and red flags, including when to refer to other health care professionals, recognizing cultural issues in the delivery of care for these patient populations, lifespan issues, appropriate therapeutic exercise progressions, and patient education and self-care.
This course is designed to provide a supervised teaching experience for those students who have an interest in laboratory teaching. Students will be present in the Gross Anatomy (PHYT M8100) laboratory during their scheduled time periods and be knowledgeable of the material being covered. Students will guide and conduct dissections, identify structures, and teach. Students will provide help with the identification of appropriate resources and study strategies for successful completion of Gross Anatomy (PHYT M8100). Students will receive feedback from the students that they instruct and the faculty member regarding their performance.
Students will attend a 1-hour informational meeting during the first week of the fall semester, followed by serving as teaching assistants in a minimum of eight Gross Anatomy (PHYT M8100) lab sessions.
This course is designed to provide supervised teaching experiences for those students who have an interest in classroom teaching. Learning & teaching styles, course design, motivating students, dealing with student problems and problem students, and assessment of students will be explored. Students will plan and implement one lecture & lab, conduct office hours, construct exam questions, and assist with the administration and grading of an exam. Students will work closely with the faculty member to complete the course requirements. Students will receive feedback from the students that they instruct and the faculty member regarding their performance.
In this elective students will explore learning & teaching styles, course design, motivating students, dealing with student problems and problem students, and assessment of students. Students will plan and implement one lecture & lab, conduct office hours, construct exam questions, and assist with the administration and grading of an exam. Students will work closely with the faculty member to complete the course requirements. Students will receive feedback from the students that they instruct and the faculty member regarding their performance.
This is an 8-week elective that provides students with hands-on experience in clinical research under the direct supervision of faculty. Students participate in a variety of research activities pertaining to the research question, literature review, and methods for data collection, and if applicable, data analysis. Specific course objectives are developed individually according to faculty expectations and the current phase of the on-going research.
Research Practicum I is designed to provide students with the opportunity to integrate the knowledge obtained in the evidence-based courses with supervised hands-on research experience. The elective provides the student with foundational knowledge and skill in the development and implementation of a research protocol targeting the student’s ability to synthesize and organize finding into a cogent written and/or oral research presentation. During this semester, students will work to clarify the research question, conduct a thorough search of the literature, become familiar with methods for data collection and analysis, and if applicable, assist the faculty advisor(s) with data collection.
This course explores the causes, dynamics and outcomes of civil wars and insurgencies. It addresses when and why violence is employed in place of peaceful solutions to conflict and what accounts for individual and mass recruitment into armed organizations. It aims to understand variation in warring groups’ cohesion, repertoires of violence, and relations with civilians, state counterinsurgency methods, and the political economy of conflict. The course concludes by examining war duration and termination. Students will be pushed to grapple with research written in many traditions including philosophical, statistical, game theoretic, and qualitative materials.
This is the third elective in the research practicum sequence that provides students with hands-on experience in clinical research under the direct supervision of faculty. Students participate in a variety of research activities pertaining to the analysis and presentation of data. Specific course objectives are developed individually according to faculty expectations and the current phase of the on-going research.
Research Practicum III builds on PHYT M8854 and is designed to provide students with the opportunity to integrate the knowledge obtained in the three required evidence-based courses with supervised hands-on physical therapy research experience. The elective provides the student with foundational knowledge and skill in the development and implementation of a research protocol targeting the student’s ability to synthesize and organize finding into a cogent written and/or oral research presentation. Students are required to orally present their research finding at the PT program’s Annual Columbia University Research Day. Students, in conjunction with faculty, are strongly encouraged to submit a paper to a professional journal and/or present a poster/oral presentation to a professional organization.
This hybrid elective course teaches students yoga-based concepts and exercises to
incorporate into physical therapy sessions. Students will have an opportunity to participate and observe
in live virtual yoga classes and workshop-specific yoga exercises and techniques to turn into skilled
physical therapy interventions for a range of musculoskeletal conditions. Students will also have an
opportunity to learn cueing techniques drawn from yoga instruction to enhance therapeutic exercise
Students will learn a background understanding of yoga history, lineage, and foundational concepts. A brief literature review revealing the health benefits will also be presented. The students will participate (physically/observationally) in yoga practice to directly experience some of these benefits. After each yoga class, students will deconstruct components of the class to practice and further explore nuanced cueing to convert specific techniques into physical therapy interventions for specific case scenarios. Students will have an opportunity to design and teach with yoga-inspired cues a short sequence of yoga postures prescribed for a specific case scenario.
This course is an advanced course for regional anesthesia. It will cover discussion and demonstration of neuraxial anesthesia, peripheral nerve blocks, and pain management theory and techniques. Pharmacology regarding local anesthetics will be reviewed. Practice and demonstration in the Skills Labs are an integral part of this course.
To fully practice in a direct access setting, physical therapists must have the ability to order diagnostic imaging, when appropriate. Several states, such as Utah and Wisconsin, have sought and received approval for physical therapists to order diagnostic imaging and continued efforts to advance diagnostic imaging privileges are underway in additional states. Physical therapists in the U.S. military have effectively utilized diagnostic imaging privileges since the 1970s. Over the past 50 years, US military physical therapists have become the musculoskeletal provider of choice and nearly all practice in a true direct access setting.
In this session, a group of experienced military physical therapists will introduce attendees to the foundations and principles of diagnostic imaging as well as the procedures for ordering, interpreting, and integrating radiographic imaging results into clinical practice. In addition, this course will emphasize the rationales and evidence-based guidelines to assist practitioners in the utilization of plain film radiography in clinical practice. Clinical case reports will also be presented to reinforce concepts and provide practical applications of skills. At the conclusion of this session, participants will be more comfortable ordering, viewing, and interpreting the results of diagnostic imaging studies.
Course Overview: This course is designed to integrate didactic knowledge and experiential learning in a clinical setting.
Course Description: This course offers students the opportunity to participate and guide weekly exercise classes for breast cancer patients and survivors. Students have exposure to the clinical setting, design and lead exercise training sessions, and make recommendations for regressions and progressions based on patient responses to exercise. An introduction to current literature describing the benefits of exercise in this patient population is also included.
This is the first of five clinical residencies that provide the opportunity for nurse anesthesiology residents (NARs) to integrate theory into practice within the clinical setting. NARs move along a continuum from healthy adults to patients with multi-system failures. The focus is on perioperative theory transfer, the development of assessment skills, and the developmental implementation and evaluation of an individualized anesthesia care plan. Cultural humility will be incorporated into care plans to develop anesthetic management individualized to patient identities and cultures while including an emphasis on social and cultural health disparities. Patient interviews and teaching are integral to this process. Basic principles of decision-making are emphasized throughout. Mastery of the Nurse Anesthesia Residency I objectives is required by the end of this residency. Practice settings include operating rooms, emergency rooms, and off-site locations including but not limited to diagnostic and interventional suites. CRNA or physician anesthesiologist preceptors serve as facilitators of learning. Clinical conferences and professional meetings help to reinforce and enhance learning.
Clinical focus is on the delivery of anesthesia care in a broad range of clinical settings to patients with multi-system problems. Emphasis is placed on refinement and perfection of decision-making skills in patient care management and rapid assessment of health status of patients. Collaborative practice within a team structure is emphasized. In addition to direct patient care, participation in journal club, clinical case reports, and in-service presentations to a multidisciplinary audience provide the environment for the student to enact his or her role as a clinical nurse specialist. Experience includes obstetrics, neurosurgery, cardio-thoracic surgery, pediatrics, post anesthesia care and critical care units. CRNA faculty members and preceptors act as guides.