As long as societies have gone to war, commanders have had to consider how they will treat captives. It can be a factor at every stage of a struggle, from negotiations to avert war, tactics and strategy for winning, and post-conflict resolution. And long after the end of fighting, the experience of captivity can continue to shape how people recall and commemorate their history. This course examines how generations of lawmakers, diplomats, military commanders and activists have dealt with the problem of captivity. It will also explore the experience of the captives themselves, as well as their guards, including those guards who themselves were made prisoner after being accused of war crimes. Students will become familiar not just with different kinds of modern conflict, but also the diff`erent disciplinary methods for studying it, from sociology and political science to philosophy and international law.
In Writing about War, seminar participants engage with a pressing matter of our age: how to evaluate facts and context and create compelling and precise narratives from the fog of war. This intensive writing seminar explores the special challenges of creating narrative and assessing truth claims in the context of violent conflict. In this course you will grow as a writer through extensive practice reporting, writing, revising, and editing your own work and that of your peers.
We will read accounts produced as journalism, policy analysis, advocacy, literature, and philosophy. We will discuss ongoing conflicts as well as historical cases, and grapple with questions of policy and ethics. Students will produce original reported narrative writing about conflict, which they may try to place for publication. Students should expect to write or revise an original piece most weeks of the semester.
This course cultivates useful skills for any writer, whether they plan to write about conflict as a journalist, advocate, aid worker, policy analyst, or other field. The instructor places a premium on critical thinking and clear writing; grades reflect participation, effort, clarity of thought, reporting initiative, and narrative craft.
This course introduces students to the diverse methodologies, actors, and outputs involved in human rights research and reporting. Students will examine how governments, international organizations, NGOs, and journalists approach documentation and advocacy, while developing skills in interviewing, document analysis, data collection, and report writing. The course emphasizes ethical considerations, sociocultural awareness, and gender sensitivity throughout the research and reporting process.
Through case studies, simulations, and guest speakers, students will explore the strategic use of human rights documentation in advancing justice and accountability. Assignments include analytical reflections, response papers, and a final research report tailored to one of the core reporting perspectives studied.
This course explores how human-centered design and innovation methods are used to drive public-sector change. Students will learn how to apply design tools to complex policy and service delivery challenges while also engaging with the ethical, philosophical, and institutional questions that shape civic innovation work. Weekly sessions follow the full arc of a design-based innovation project, from scoping and research to prototyping and implementation, paired with critical themes such as power, embodiment, ethics, and systems change.
Students will practice design methodologies, develop speculative future policy proposals, and refine storytelling skills for public impact. The course culminates in a PechaKucha presentation reflecting personal insights into innovation practice.
This course builds on the core Global Economic Environment curriculum to equip students with toolkits for applying open-economy macro frameworks to the analysis of the fundamental forces shaping economic turning points and the development of public-market trading strategies around them. Key concepts in global macro investing are delivered through a mix of interactive lectures, case-study discussions, and directed conversations with practitioners. The course is structured in three sections: (1) a review and extension of core macroeconomic principles, an annotated discussion of key macroeconomic indicators, a structured look at the principal features of major risk assets (i.e., equities, currencies, fixed income, and commodities), and the development of templates for global macro trading strategies and risk management; (2) case studies around recent, disruptive major global macro inflection points; and (3) the application of the course’s key learning objectives to the development of broad global macro trading strategies around prevailing macroeconomic conditions, special cases, and instances of asset mispricing. This course will provide introductory knowledge and skills for students wishing to pursue activities in markets-focused macroeconomic research and strategy, global tactical asset allocation, the application of macroeconomic overlays on a wide range of investment platforms, strategic planning, and policy development.
This course explores the evolving relationship between the private sector and human rights, with emphasis on legal frameworks, global standards, and practical approaches to corporate accountability. Students examine the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and other key instruments that shape responsible business conduct across sectors.
Through case studies, role-playing exercises, and guest speakers, students analyze human rights risks and strategies in industries such as apparel, extractives, finance, and tech. Topics include human rights due diligence, corporate complicity, responsible disengagement, and litigation. The course equips students to assess business conduct, engage stakeholders, and advance rights-based accountability.
This course examines the underlying economics of successful business strategy: the strategic imperatives of competitive markets, the sources and dynamics of competitive advantage, managing competitive interactions, and the organizational implementation of business strategy.The course combines case discussion and analysis (approximately two thirds) with lectures (one third). The emphasis is on the ability to apply a small number of principles effectively and creatively, not the mastery of detailed aspects of the theory. Grading is based on class participation and online case quizzes (35%), two case write-ups (20%) and a final group paper (45%). The course offers excellent background for all consultants, managers and corporate finance generalists.
This course introduces students to the structure and strategy of international project finance in the energy sector, with emphasis on projects central to the global energy transition and LNG market expansion. Through real-world case studies and hands-on modeling exercises, students will analyze project risks, develop risk ratings, and assess cashflows to determine equity returns and lender credit metrics.
Topics include contract structuring, completion and market risk mitigation, the role of development finance institutions, renewable energy incentives, and evolving trends in merchant power and virtual PPAs. Students will examine investment drivers for energy infrastructure and gain a practical understanding of how project economics align with capital source expectations. The course concludes with student team presentations applying course concepts to real-world energy finance challenges.
Enrollment in this course is restricted to students who have officially declared the CEE concentration, as reflected in their Stellic profile. If space allows, enrollment may be extended to additional students at a later date.
This seminar explores the strategy and storytelling behind effective social impact campaigns. Through case studies on topics such as reproductive rights, racial justice, teen pregnancy, and climate change, students will examine why certain narratives succeed in shifting public opinion and policy. The course draws on theories of moral psychology, values-based messaging, and campaign strategy to analyze how leaders and organizations mobilize audiences, engage diverse stakeholders, and measure impact.
Students will study high-profile campaigns, meet with leading practitioners, and develop their own group-based social impact campaign project. Emphasis is placed on applying narrative frameworks to real-world advocacy, understanding audience motivations, and crafting media strategies across platforms.
This seven-week course considers the impact of housing policy on communities and neighborhoods across the United States. We will discuss how local, state, and federal decisions about what we build, where we build, who we build for, and how we pay for it has created the cities we live in today. The course will draw examples from small to large American cities and urban areas to examine the social, political, and economic forces that have shaped housing policy in the U.S. Given the time constraints, the course will focus on the American landscape; however, the material can be viewed through the prism of how government decisions impact the urban environment across the globe. Students are encouraged to share comparative perspectives of their own home cities and experiences in class discussions.
In May 2016, the UN Human Rights Council passed a highly contested resolution condemning discrimination and violence based on sexual orientation and gender identity, and establishing the first-ever Independent Expert on these issues. The protracted debate surrounding the resolution underscored how lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) rights remain among the most contentious topics in international human rights, law, and public policy.
Disputes over LGBTI rights are often framed as a clash between ‘human rights’ and ‘traditional values,’ highlighting a central challenge in advancing LGBTI claims: how to assert universal principles based on identities that are historically contingent and culturally shaped.
This course examines how LGBTI rights intersect with broader debates in areas such as bilateral relations and good governance, while also addressing challenges including legal recognition of same-sex partnerships and transgender identities. It explores the political uses of anti-LGBTI sentiment and investigates how LGBTI rights become flashpoints for deeper societal and political divisions.
Students will reflect on the complexities of advancing LGBTI rights in transnational contexts, engage with current scholarly debates, and develop the tools to address LGBTI rights across academic and professional domains. Contemporary developments and breaking news will be integrated into course discussions and assignments.
Carbon pricing has become a central tool in global climate policy, with over 70 jurisdictions implementing carbon taxes or emissions trading systems that now cover more than one quarter of global emissions. This course explores how carbon markets and taxes are designed, reformed, and evaluated, using real-world case studies from Europe, the Americas, Asia, and beyond.
Students will engage with a structured, step-by-step framework for designing effective carbon pricing policies across sectors, including energy, transportation, industry, and land use. The course examines market-based mechanisms such as cap-and-trade, carbon taxes, and crediting programs, along with emerging policy innovations and debates around integrity and equity.
Topics include carbon border adjustments, voluntary markets, the role of carbon pricing in trade, investment, and corporate climate strategies, and the intersection of pricing with complementary policies. Students will assess existing policies, model policy impacts, and develop informed policy proposals.
Existing energy sources and the infrastructures that deliver them are undergoing a period of rapid change. Limits to growth, fluctuating raw material prices, and the emergence of new technologies contribute to heightened risk and opportunity in the energy sector. This course aims to establish a core energy skill set for students and prepare them for more advanced coursework by introducing a foundational language and toolset for analyzing energy issues.
Through both theoretical and practical approaches, students will examine how energy technologies are developed, financed, and deployed. The course highlights root drivers of change in the industry, emerging technologies, and the critical factors that influence their successful commercialization. Understanding these dynamics is also essential to designing effective energy policy aligned with broader social welfare goals.
By the end of the course, students will have a working knowledge of conventional and emerging forms of energy generation and delivery. They will also develop the analytical tools to assess which technologies may succeed, which may not, and what innovations may help drive further deployment.
Enrollment in this course is restricted to students who have officially declared the CEE concentration, as reflected in their Stellic profile. If space allows, enrollment may be extended to additional students at a later date.
This course provides an introduction to corporate finance, focusing on how firms assess funding needs, evaluate investment opportunities, and select financing strategies. The course equips future policymakers and practitioners with core analytical tools in financial decision-making. Topics include working capital management, cost of capital, security valuation, capital structure, and free cash flow analysis. Emphasis is placed on applying financial concepts to real-world situations through case studies, quantitative problem sets, and hands-on modeling. Students will gain exposure to Excel-based analysis and decision-making under uncertainty. Prior coursework in accounting is required, and fluency in Excel is essential.
This course is designed to introduce the student to routine and episodic primary care of the pediatric patient. The focus will be placed on age-appropriate physical, cognitive, and emotional development, as well as frequently encountered illnesses seen in an outpatient setting.
This course provides students with a rigorous foundation in capital markets and investments, emphasizing asset valuation from an applied perspective. It covers valuation techniques for financial securities, essential to portfolio management and risk management applications. Key topics include arbitrage, the term structure of interest rates, portfolio theory, diversification, equilibrium asset pricing models such as the CAPM, market efficiency and inefficiencies, performance evaluation, analysis of common pooled investment vehicles, behavioral finance, and tax-aware investment strategies. Through interactive activities, case studies, and simulations utilizing real-world market data, students will acquire analytical skills and foundational knowledge required for advanced finance courses and practical roles within the investment industry
This course will provide students with a framework for historical and current debates on development. It will offer students a basic understanding of what constitutes “development” (ends) and how to promote it (means). The initial lecture presents the broad issue of development trends and the multidisciplinary approach, as seen today through the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015. The subsequent classes then look at classical and contemporary theories of economic development. They will be followed by a critical comparative analysis of development experiences. A series of lectures will then concentrate on institutional issues, social development, and environmental sustainability (climate change).
Enrollment in this course is restricted to students who have officially declared the EPD or D&G concentration, as reflected in their Stellic profile. If space allows, enrollment may be extended to non-EPD students at a later date.
Students examine the issue of violence against women and families. The demographics of the population, theories of domestic violence, crisis intervention, and short- and long-term clinical issues will be examined, as will service modalities for women victims and survivors, batterers, and their children.
This graduate seminar analyzes and compares national security strategies, including military doctrine, alliance policies, and foreign economic policy. The course examines how international structure, domestic politics, and leadership psychology contribute to policy outcomes. Students will explore how different strategies serve as stabilizing or destabilizing forces in the international system.
Specific topics include great power strategies before the two World Wars, American Cold War containment strategy, China's Cold War strategies, and sources of stability and instability since the Cold War’s end.
Students should have a strong background in international relations theory and/or international security. Those without such preparation are permitted to enroll but may find it difficult to keep up with the readings.
This experiential course prepares students for careers in the growing field of impact investing by building essential practical skills. Students will analyze real investments, assess both financial viability and impact potential, and simulate the due diligence and negotiation process from sourcing to term sheet. Through case studies, hands-on assignments, and team-based presentations, students will learn how to evaluate and structure impact investments. The course emphasizes applied tools used in the field and offers insight into pathways for careers in impact finance.
This course equips students with the skills and tools to design, assess, and manage impact measurement and evaluation (M&E) strategies within sustainable development and social impact contexts. Emphasizing both technical rigor and real-world application, the course prepares students to develop M&E frameworks, apply theories of change, track and evaluate outcomes, and communicate findings to diverse audiences. Students will explore the political and practical dimensions of M&E, including data collection technologies, systems-level evaluation, and the unique demands of philanthropy, corporates, investors, and governments.
This case-based seminar explores the evolving role of nonprofit organizations and their partnerships with government and business in advancing social impact. Students will examine the structure, challenges, and opportunities within the nonprofit sector, including social entrepreneurship, public-private partnerships, and venture philanthropy. The course emphasizes real-world cases across global contexts and diverse sectors such as housing, health, education, environmental conservation, and urban development. Through discussion, stakeholder role-play, and group presentations, students will deepen their understanding of how cross-sector collaboration can scale solutions to public challenges and create lasting value.
How do the world’s poorest people save money without access to banks or credit? This course explores the power of informal savings systems, such as tandas in Mexico, susus in West Africa, and dhikutis in Nepal, that help hundreds of millions build financial stability through trust, discipline, and community support.
We will start with grassroots savings groups (often called Revolving Savings and Credit Associations or ROSCAs) and examine how they function across cultures. Then we will explore how the social capital that makes ROSCAs successful also underpins newer approaches such as savings groups and self-help groups that generate savings for village women.
We then turn our attention to cash transfers and remittances that inject capital into poor families and communities.
Later, we discuss the strengths and limitations of institutional financial inclusion, including microfinance, mobile banking, and fintech. The course also features presentations by leaders in soil-building subsistence agriculture and systems for measuring and tracking poverty.
In the course, students also learn how to design initiatives that effectively deliver services to the bottom of the economic pyramid, including setting goals, choosing the most appropriate methodology, staffing, budgeting, and monitoring, and evaluating outcomes.
The class is taught by a pioneer in the field of microcredit and savings whose work has shaped global thinking on financial inclusion and poverty reduction.
Students do not need technical or financial background to take this course, only a large dose of curiosity and a willingness to explore alternatives.
The name of the course, Strategic Equity Finance, was chosen because Equity is where Strategy meets Finance. The course is case-driven with the objective of putting students in the "decision-maker's seat" in a variety of strategic situations - whether to go public (or not); deciding to acquire or divest businesses; dealing with financial crises - either, market-driven or self-imposed - where a company may potentially use equity. Through the course, students, who want to go into corporate (or private equity/VC) strategic financing roles, will learn how/why to use equity strategically; and students, who want to go into banking or consulting, will learn tools that will help them advising companies and private equity/VC firms.
This course explores the intersection of financial risk management and public policy, focusing on the regulatory and institutional frameworks that have evolved since the global financial crisis. Students will learn to apply core risk management concepts—such as market, credit, counterparty, and liquidity risk—in assessing financial stability and regulatory policy. The course emphasizes intuition and applied techniques, using graphical and numerical methods rather than advanced math. Topics include Value-at-Risk, leverage, securitization, risk regulation, systemic crises, and macroprudential oversight. Students will engage with real-world cases and financial data, develop familiarity with regulatory reforms (e.g., Basel III), and understand the rationale behind central bank interventions and stress testing.
This course is designed to develop the approach to investments and security analysis pioneered by Benjamin Graham and David Dodd. The course details the comprehensive statistical evidence in favor of such an approach and the types of investments that are likely to be fruitful targets of a value approach. The course focuses on an approach to determining intrinsic values in practice that has the advantage of segregating valuation information by reliability level and using only the most reliable information as a basis for investment decisions in order to obtain a margin of safety." The course consists of lectures and visiting speakers who are successful practicing value investors."
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This course examines global and national energy policies with international implications, focusing on the intersections of energy sustainability, energy security, and energy equity, commonly referred to as the "energy trilemma." Students will explore how national decisions shape global outcomes and how international frameworks influence domestic policies. Special attention is given to the political economy of the energy transition, with case studies on fossil fuels, renewables, subsidies, and critical mineral supply chains.
The first half of the course covers technical and market dimensions of high- and low-carbon energy sources, fiscal policies, and transition projections. The second half explores geopolitical drivers of energy policy, international trade and investment, and the financing of the low-carbon transition in developing economies. Students will assess real-world policy challenges through a data-driven and interdisciplinary lens, applying a political economy approach to sustainability and global energy governance.
This course examines the global legal and policy frameworks aimed at promoting gender equality and advancing women’s rights. Drawing on international human rights instruments, national policies, and multilateral commitments, students will explore both the moral case and the strategic rationale for closing gender gaps. The course investigates how law, policy, and evidence intersect in shaping outcomes across development, health, economic growth, political participation, peace and security, climate resilience, and social protections. Students will also evaluate backlash to gender equality, the evolving discourse on gender rights and identity, and the implications of intersecting factors such as class, race, religion, and sexual orientation. Students will develop policy recommendations and deepen their understanding of global trends and debates surrounding gender justice.
This is a two-day intensive course. Over the past decade, the number of civil wars globally has increased dramatically, driven by a proliferation of non-state armed groups, illicit transnational networks and regional actors. The rise of civil wars has meant conflicts are not only harder to resolve via traditional forms of diplomacy, but also more likely to relapse; in fact, 60 per cent of the civil wars that reached peace agreements in the early 2000s have since fallen back into conflict. As an organization created to prevent wars between states, the UN has struggled to meet the challenges of today’s conflicts, particularly when it comes to engaging non-state actors. At the same time, the UN is often uniquely positioned to make contact with armed groups that may be blacklisted by key member states, and it is often UN peace operations that are best placed to implement strategies to address the various threats they pose.
What are the origins of the growth of today’s form of non-state armed groups and why have they increased in relevance in recent years? How has the rise of rebel and so-called “terrorist” groups affected the character of war today, and what implications does this have for conflict prevention and management? What challenges (and opportunities) do non-state actors pose to traditional forms of conflict resolution, and what can be learned from the UN’s experiences in places like Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Mali?
Drawing on a mix of academic literature, case studies and first-hand accounts of those involved directly in UN-led operations in the field, students will explore these questions and grapple with the very real predicaments that face today’s mediators and peacekeepers around the world. By the end of this course, students will have a firm grasp of the core theories and concepts that drive UN engagement with non-state actors, how the UN and its partners have developed strategies in asymmetrical and complex environments, and a practical experience of the difficulties of applying principles to reality. This course will be of interest to those wishing to pursue academic research on the UN, scholars of critical studies of international relations, and those hoping to build a career in conflict resolution and management.
Effective communication is critical to the success of international organizations (IOs). Whether securing funding from member states, raising awareness of global challenges, or countering misinformation, IOs rely on strategic communications to fulfill their mandates. As noted by UN Secretary-General António Guterres, “strategic communications is central to the success of all our work.”
This course equips students with interdisciplinary tools to understand and support the communications work of IOs. Students will explore the unique structures and missions of IOs, the role of public and digital diplomacy, brand management, and communication for development (C4D). The course also addresses specialized practices such as peacekeeping communications and celebrity diplomacy.
By bridging theory and practice, students will gain the knowledge and skills needed to analyze, critique, and contribute to communications efforts in IOs. The course prepares students for careers in IO communications teams or for policy and academic analysis in this evolving field.
Despite growing pressure to decarbonize, oil and natural gas continue to shape global power and politics. This course examines how energy markets drive foreign policy, economic security, and international conflict. Students will explore the central role of oil and gas in geopolitical relations, from OPEC+ and the petrodollar to the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East.
The course is organized in three parts: the geopolitics of oil, the geopolitics of natural gas (with a focus on LNG), and shifting dynamics as the world transitions toward lower-carbon energy. Case studies include Russia’s energy leverage, US–Saudi relations, the rise of US LNG exports, and Venezuela’s paradox of poverty amid vast oil reserves.
Students will assess global energy trade patterns and analyze the political impact of price shifts, sanctions, and infrastructure development. Classwork emphasizes oral analysis, policy writing, and active debate.
This course is ideal for students interested in energy diplomacy, security studies, or climate and foreign policy intersections. No technical background is required.
This course will examine the role and impact of gender in the financial sector and its implications for gender equity more broadly. Access to capital and financial products and services determines who has the ability not only to best meet their basic financial needs, but to build and grow businesses, to become property owners, to invest and build wealth, to take risk, and to be full participants in the political and financial economy. We will explore the implications of gender differences in financial experience, access, and opportunity. We will examine the historic and psychological underpinnings of gender inequities in the financial sector and their impacts in both the traditional and emerging financial sectors. We will look at what drives change in the financial sector, including the impact of seismic financial and societal transitions. Our goal will be to identify policies, recommendations, and opportunities to impact the financial sector toward greater gender equity.
This course introduces students to gender mainstreaming, gender analysis, and intersectionality as both theoretical frameworks and applied methodologies in global affairs. Students will examine how gender perspectives are integrated into international policymaking, development programming, and institutional change across diverse fields, including education, public health, economic development, international finance, peace and security, and sustainability. The course draws on feminist theory, empirical research, and case studies to analyze how power, identity, and inequality shape policy design and outcomes. Students will engage with foundational concepts and tools used by multilateral institutions, governments, and civil society to promote gender equity and inclusion. Through workshops and mini-research assignments, students will gain experience with applied methods such as interviewing, text analysis, and gender-based program evaluation. Emphasis is placed on participatory learning and collaborative inquiry. This course equips students with the critical skills and practical knowledge necessary to engage in gender-responsive policy work in global and local contexts.
This course examines the political, legal, and policy landscape of reproductive rights and health in the United States following the Supreme Court's 2022 decision in
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
, which overturned
Roe v. Wade
. Students will analyze the immediate and long-term implications of this decision on federal and state policy, access to care, constitutional law, and U.S. politics. Topics include the use of executive action, litigation strategies, the role of public opinion, religious arguments, medication abortion, and the global reverberations of
Dobbs
. The course also provides a firsthand look at federal policymaking and features guest speakers from government and advocacy.
This course will outline the Global Payments System, both domestic and cross-border, emphasizing Large Value Transfers and the infrastructure of the global financial and monetary system. Payment system operators, by definition, pose systemic risks to the global financial system and the global economy, given their criticality and interconnections to businesses, financial institutions, and households worldwide. The course will also examine the digital transformation in payments, the implications of sanctions, and financial crimes such as fraud, Know Your Customer (KYC), Anti-Money Laundering (AML), and cybersecurity.Financial market Infrastructures (FMIs) and Payment Settlement Systems (RTGSs) like Fedwire, CHIPS, Target, DTCC, SWIFT, and CLS will be reviewed in the context of their economic functions, interconnectivity, governance, and regulation. There will be a particular focus on regulation, application of relevant law, and the risk environment for payment system operators and their customers. A review of relevant policy considerations will be undertaken. The impact of emerging technologies, including tokenization, Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC), and AI, will be explored in a rapidly changing environment. No discussion on the Global Payments System is complete without discussing the geopolitical environment. This course will explore how these forces have played out in the past and the near future, including a student mock debate about how they might evolve in an increasingly divided world.
This course will introduce fundamental concepts and a high-level overview of the burgeoning blockchain and cryptocurrency space. The course will begin by providing a background in fundamental concepts in Computer Science such as in cryptography, distributed systems, and data structures. It will then move on to an in-depth overview of blockchain, the history of Bitcoin and the proliferation of new consensus models, ICOs, smart contracts, and more. Industry guest speakers will share their perspectives.
This course explores the foundational and advanced dimensions of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), alongside relevant aspects of International Human Rights Law (IHRL) as they apply to situations of armed conflict. Designed for students interested in the legal regulation of contemporary warfare, the course focuses on providing the conceptual and practical tools to identify, interpret, and apply international legal norms in real-world conflict situations. It examines the mechanisms through which legal rules are developed, implemented, and enforced, including the role of international courts and tribunals in addressing violations.
Case studies drawn from recent and ongoing conflicts—such as in Ukraine, Gaza, Ethiopia, Congo, Syria, Yemen, and Myanmar—serve as the backbone of the course’s analytical approach. These are methodically examined through a case analysis framework developed specifically for this course, enabling students to break down humanitarian crises into legally relevant components and formulate appropriate responses grounded in IHL and IHRL.
This analytical work is complemented by a focused introduction to the core principles of international criminal law, including the structure and substance of landmark war crimes cases. Students will engage with the legal elements of crimes such as willful killing, torture, attacks on civilians, and the use of prohibited methods of warfare, drawing on key jurisprudence from international tribunals and courts.
The course supports the development of legal reasoning, critical thinking, and research skills. Students will learn to articulate law-based, action-oriented proposals and define key legal questions relevant for academic work and professional practice—whether in international organizations, the media, or humanitarian institutions. By the end of the semester, participants will have a solid understanding of IHL’s core principles, terminology, and legal architecture, and will be equipped to navigate and respond to the complex legal challenges presented by modern armed conflict.
Key issues discussed include the legal protection of internees, prisoners, and hostages under the Geneva Conventions; the erosion of civilian protection in asymmetric warfare, especially where individuals participate directly in hostilities or are used as human shields; the regulation of indiscriminate attacks and destruction of civilian infrastructure, including the legal implications of missiles, drones, autonomo
The purpose of this half-semester course is to familiarize students with how the Internet and cybersecurity works; to provide a foundation of knowledge for later courses; and to familiarize students with the devices, protocols, and functions of computers, the Internet, industrial control systems, and cybersecurity. This course is not intended to be a computer science course, but to provide the students with the lexicon of cyberspace and the understanding of how hardware, software, and networks fit together to create the Internet experience. We will also illuminate some essential and current cybersecurity policy topics, including privacy and risks of emerging technology.
It is a broader course meant to complement Cyber Risks and Vulnerabilities and other coursework throughout SIPA.
This course equips students with the tools to critically evaluate empirical research through the lens of causal inference. Emphasizing real-world policy relevance over statistical correlation, it introduces students to identification strategies that approximate randomized trials using observational data. Students will explore advanced econometric methods, including instrumental variables, difference-in-differences, fixed effects, regression discontinuity, and synthetic controls, while examining their strengths and limitations in drawing causal conclusions.
Designed for students with prior coursework in quantitative methods (U6500 and U6501), this course stresses conceptual rigor and applied skills. Assignments include STATA-based replication exercises, a research design proposal, and seminar engagement. Readings and examples draw from policy-relevant domains such as health, education, and environmental economics. Students will leave the course with a deeper understanding of how to produce, assess, and apply causal evidence to inform public decision-making.
This interdisciplinary course explores how technology, policy, and law intersect in addressing complex cybersecurity challenges. Taught by experts in each field, the course examines how different disciplines approach problems such as cybercrime, national security threats, and corporate intrusions. Students will gain foundational knowledge in Internet architecture and computer security, legal frameworks governing cyber activity, and policy strategies for defense and resilience.
The course is structured around four major cyber incidents—SolarWinds, NotPetya, Colonial Pipeline, and Sony Pictures—which serve as case studies to analyze vulnerabilities, responses, and policy implications. A team-based group project will link these “great hacks” to themes in the U.S. National Cybersecurity Strategy, encouraging students to develop interdisciplinary mitigation proposals.
Designed for students with prior cyber-related experience, this course strengthens the ability to think and communicate across technical, legal, and policy domains, preparing students to work effectively on cybersecurity in any professional context.
This course explores sovereign risk through the lens of credit rating agency methodologies, historical debt crises, and contemporary developments in sovereign debt markets. Students will examine the interplay of fiscal, institutional, political, financial, and geopolitical dynamics that shape sovereign creditworthiness. Students will gain fluency in rating criteria, peer comparisons, and debt sustainability analyses, with a focus on Moody’s sovereign bond rating methodology. The course culminates in a mock credit rating committee exercise. Students will emerge with practical skills in sovereign risk assessment and a deeper understanding of global debt trends.
Enrollment in this course is restricted to students who have officially declared the IFEP concentration, as reflected in their Stellic profile. If space allows, enrollment may be extended to additional students at a later date.
This course examines the relationship between energy production, human development, and sustainability. It explores how energy projects, businesses, and policies—collectively referred to as “energy enterprises”—operate in frontier markets and developing countries. Students will analyze how energy access and use intersect with critical issues such as poverty, gender, health, displacement, and environmental justice.
Course modules cover energy systems and actors, urban and agricultural applications, and thematic challenges such as energy ethics, cooking fuels, and displaced populations. Students will conduct applied research on one of five selected topics, culminating in an enterprise proposal. Assignments include issue mapping, case analysis, and basic financial feasibility assessment.
By the end of the course, students will be able to connect global sustainability frameworks to practical, locally grounded enterprise planning. The course emphasizes systems thinking, ethical analysis, and a balanced approach to energy and development goals.
In many parts of the world, humanitarian actors cannot successfully alleviate and prevent the suffering of people living in areas affected by armed conflict without engaging with armed groups. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) estimates that there are over 450 armed groups of humanitarian concern worldwide, over 130 of which are parties to a non-international armed conflict. Africa accounts for over 40% of these groups, with about 20% in each of the Near and Middle East (NAME), the Americas, and in the Asia and Pacific. In 2024, the global population living in areas fully controlled or contested by armed groups is estimated by the ICRC to have increased to 210 million people, with 83 million living in areas fully controlled by armed groups, up by 19 million from 2023.
Many armed groups that control territory provide a degree of services and governance structures in areas they control, including health care, education, taxation, public utilities, justice/dispute resolution, security and taxation. However, the basic needs of the population in areas controlled by many armed groups are often not fully met. Humanitarian access, and dialogue on protection and assistance matters with such armed groups is an important part of humanitarian action worldwide.
The last 30 years, however, have made these aspirations more difficult, as a multiplicity of armed conflicts and different types of non-state actors have emerged, posing significant challenges on the ability of humanitarian workers to effectively engage with belligerents, and hindering their access to these individuals. The lack of separation between those actively participating in conflict and those who do not have particularly made it difficult for external actors to identify who, when and how to engage on humanitarian issues, together with the level of engagement and the timing of such interactions. Additional existing inquiries relate to the strategies set in place for effective engagement: who should be in the lead of humanitarian engagements on the ground? And how can the humanitarian community best assist and increase the protection of civilians in areas controlled by entities designated as terrorist, or in fragile States?
This class will examine these inquiries, together with the parameters of engagement with a range of actors- from peacekeepers to formal armies to paramilitary groups and designated entities to community and religious leaders to determine what legal and moral bases exist for en
The purpose of this course is to familiarize SIPA students with the function of the internet while focusing on the flaws and vulnerabilities that can be exploited in attacks or impact user privacy. This course will approach each session in the following manner: discussion of recent cyber events, discussion topic(s) to be covered, and the ramifications when used in the real world.
This course is intended to build on the Basics of Cybersecurity with a tighter focus on specific vulnerabilities and information transmission and how these can be exploited by hackers, criminals, spies, militaries, or business interests.
This course is intended to be an introduction to cyber risk and vulnerabilities and is thus suitable for complete newcomers to the area. It is a big field, with a lot to cover; however, this should get students familiar with all of the basics. The class is divided into weekly topics; the first five iteratively build on each other, and the others either addressing recent technologies or hosting relevant guest speakers.
Many cyber jobs are opening up with companies that need international affairs analysts who, while not cybersecurity experts, understand the topic well enough to write policy recommendations or intelligence briefs. Even if you don’t intend your career to focus on cyber issues, having some exposure will deepen your understanding of the dynamics of many other international, privacy, and public policy issues.
In the 21st century, armed conflict continues to put millions of children in harm’s way, exposing them to human rights violations, including recruitment and use by armed forces and armed groups, military detention and ill-treatment, rape and other forms of sexual violence, forced displacement, family separation, and physical injuries. Children also suffer from trauma and other serious and long-lasting psychological consequences resulting from the violence they have experienced. In addition to these direct violations, children are equally affected by indirect violations of their rights, including attacks on schools and hospitals and the denial of humanitarian access.
In this course, students will examine the international legal framework for the protection of children in armed conflict and the international humanitarian response system designed to assist affected children and address their physical and psychosocial needs. Students will critically assess these mechanisms for their efficacy and continued relevance for protecting children during war.
This course develops the skills necessary to prepare, analyze, and present data for policy analysis and program evaluation using R. Building on the foundations from Quant I and II—probability, statistics, regression analysis, and causal inference—this course emphasizes the practical application of microeconometric methods to real-world policy questions. (Note: macroeconomic topics and forecasting methods are not covered.)
The central objective is to train students to be effective analysts and policy researchers. Key questions include: Given the available data, what analysis best informs the policy question? How should we design research, prepare data, and implement statistical methods using R? How can we assess causal effects of policies rather than mere correlations? What ethical considerations arise when working with data on marginalized populations?
Students will learn through hands-on analysis of datasets tied to a range of policy issues, including: caste-based expenditure gaps in India, racial disparities in NYPD fare evasion enforcement, water shutoffs in Detroit, Village Fund grants in Indonesia, public health insurance and child mortality, and Stand Your Ground laws and gun violence. The course culminates in a student-led project on a policy topic of their choosing.
Emerging and developing economies are expected to account for the bulk of the energy demand and carbon emissions growth in the coming decades. Drastic changes are necessary to their current energy systems and future energy infrastructure so that it is in line with global climate goals—an effort that will require significant amounts of capital. This course will look at the formidable task of financing the energy transition in emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). We will start by studying what the energy transition is, how it relates to climate goals, and what needs to be financed. The course will look at the different estimates of how much will the energy transition cost, particularly for emerging markets. The class will also survey the current financial energy landscape to assess what is working, what is missing, and the potential governance structures that are needed to mobilize the necessary financing. The existing sources of financing from the private sector, development agencies, and international financial institutions will be discussed to understand the specific challenges and opportunities of each source of financing for emerging markets. The course will look at the broad financing toolkit available, from blended finance vehicles, de-risking instruments, and the new ones that are being deployed like ESG investing and thematic bonds. Students will also be introduced to carbon markets and the role they can play in financing the energy transition in emerging markets. Lastly, the course will cover the financing of transition assets to understand how and when capital should be deployed for these assets, including the capital needed to retire or retrofit existing fossil fuel assets.