This course provides students with a solid hands-on foundation in BIM (Building Information Modeling) and other technologies that are revolutionizing the way 21st century construction projects are delivered. Starting from the Owner’s perspective, the class sessions will explore the benefits of BIM tools/methods as used by design teams, construction managers and sub-contractors. Students work with actual industry tools to create BIM Models that extract quantities for estimation purposes, link models to construction schedules (4D simulations), generate clash reports, and effectively communicate 3D site logistics plans. Once a BIM backbone is established, discussions will lead into and highlight: advanced applications, integration opportunities, responsibilities/contractual theories and the introduction of other 3rd Party Software. This course is a recommended companion course to CNAD PS5500, the Capstone Project. Students enrolling in the course are required to have their own notebook PC meeting the noted specifications.
Prerequisites: at least four semesters of Latin, or the equivalent. Intensive review of Latin syntax with translation of English sentences and paragraphs into Latin.
This course will familiarize each student with the knowledge that is required to effectively utilize the contract as a tool to manage a construction project. Through a series of lectures, different topics as they relate to contract management and administration will be discussed each week. The focus of the course will be understanding key contract terms and how to apply them when managing an active construction project. Additionally, the course will focus on understanding how to manage claims and disputes, concentrating on claims related to schedule delay and productivity losses.
Whatever its size, scope, or funding, every nonprofit organization has a governing body authorized to exercise power on behalf of the community it serves, in furtherance of its nonprofit mission. In today’s environment of rapidly increasing transparency combined with the growth of the nonprofit sector, it is critical for nonprofit managers to understand how to lead and govern effectively. This Nonprofit Governance course is designed to prepare students to develop, manage, and work effectively with governing boards of directors and trustees, all of whom have the shared goal of meeting the mission of an organization. Topics include: (1) the work of the board, including legal, ethical and fiduciary oversight; strategic thinking and planning; ensuring resources; (2) the stakeholders involved in governance of an organization, including the board (composition and structure) and shared leadership with other staff and management; and (3) board culture, including board development, board dynamics, meetings, and board engagement.
Existing energy sources and the infrastructures that deliver them to users around the world are undergoing a period of rapid change. Limits to growth, rapidly fluctuating raw material prices, and the emergence of new technology options all contribute to heightened risk and opportunity in the energy sector. The purpose of this course is to establish a core energy skill set for energy students and prepare them for more advanced energy courses by providing a basic language and toolset for understanding energy issues.
Using theoretical and practical understanding of the process by which energy technologies are developed, financed, and deployed, this course seeks to highlight the root drivers for change in the energy industry, the technologies that are emerging, and the factors that will determine success in their commercialization. Understanding these market dynamics also informs good policy design and implementation to meet a broad range of social welfare goals.
Upon completing the course, students should not only understand the nature of conventional and emerging energy generation and delivery, but also the tools for determining potential winners and losers and the innovative pathways to drive their further deployment.
This class will introduce students to the concepts, techniques, and tools necessary to manage Infrastructure Megaprojects. We will explore criteria that defines a Megaproject and their varied and often conflicting challenges. We will discuss the role of political will in project success, and how to evaluate and quantify the social and economic benefits, and values of a large complex infrastructure project. As part of the course students will meet and be taught by prominent guest lecturers who have been involved in building some of NYC’s most significant infrastructure Megaprojects. The course instructor and the invited guests will discuss relevant Megaproject case studies, such as the World Trade Center, Design & Construction of the NY Mets Minor League Stadium, and the Metropolitan Transportation Authority’s Major Capital Infrastructure Program.
The course provides an overview of the opportunities and challenges of transnational financing from public and private sources that seeks to support mitigation and adaptation investments intended to address climate change. Although there is increased and widespread commitment to taking climate action on the part of corporations, financial institutions, countries and sub-national actors, there remains a paucity of examples where a just transition has been furthered. The conditions engendered by the advent of widespread pandemics have exacerbated global differences in capacity and access to solutions. Nevertheless, the emergence of new financial mechanisms and global cooperative responses to the pandemic have revealed potential methods to finance enhancements in mitigation and adaptation in the regions where these are most lacking. We examine current capital and trade flows and their relationship to flows of embedded carbon, methods of carbon pricing and the implementation of low-carbon pathways, with an evaluation of decentralized co-benefits that can advance sustainable development. We combine analysis of carbon accounting and financial structuring to design potential investments in example decarbonization projects which integrate additionality in mitigation and adaptation, co-benefits and poverty alleviation.
This course will explore the relationship between sustainability and data from corporate and urban perspectives, focusing on how data is created, analyzed and used to make decisions. The course will start by revisiting different definitions of sustainability to outline the theoretical premises on which current data practices and policies are built. It will highlight the importance of actionable data, purpose-driven analysis and the selection of proper indicators. Moreover, students will learn how to use different datasets and calculation guidelines to assess corporations and cities’ environmental, and social footprint. The course will also present practical examples of the collection and reporting process of the urban and corporate data through GRI, SASB, TCFD, CDP and other reporting frameworks, providing insights into the concepts of data cleanliness, robustness, materiality analysis and stakeholder focus.
Students in the MA in Biotechnology Program at Columbia commonly go on to pursue careers in the biopharmaceutical industry. The departmental training focus is technical. However, a basic understanding of management principles can be highly beneficial for optimizing job performance as well as for job advancement, and is commonly a challenging new skill to be mastered by new technical hires in the biopharmaceutical industry.
This course has two components: 1) a survey of the basic elements of management education and 2) a series of actual cases taken from the biopharmaceutical industry which will allow students to see how the basic management principles they have learned are applied.
The cases cover a range of business areas with an emphasis on the effects of business decisions on R&D operations and productivity. Cases will involve strategies for R&D management, strategies for business operation/expansion, issues of licensing /acquisition versus in house discovery of new products, generics versus brand name proprietary drug businesses, managing mergers and acquisitions and entrepreneurship.
Cases will be rigorously discussed and debated in class. There is no single route to good management practice or corporate success, so in many instances diametrically opposed opinions will both have merit. As some students will have had workplace exposure, students should bring such experience and knowledge to case discussions. The course will thus be in good part taught using the Socratic Method.
This course covers the basic elements of crisis communication and the procedures for creating crisis communications plans and for reacting to crises when they occur. How best to develop various plans for different critical audiences and understand the most effective strategies for communicating your organization’s message during a crisis is explored. The course examines various types of crises that can occur with corporations and nonprofit organizations and the differences and similarities among them. How to avoid the classic and common pitfalls of crisis communication are addressed, as are ethical issues that arise during crises. Numerous case studies are discussed in class and exercises both in and outside of class are assigned so students gain experience in crisis communication situations.
Restorative Justice (RJ) is rooted in ancient approaches to conflict resolution, aboriginal justice, and religious texts. It has re-emerged as a promising
new
paradigm - a supplement and sometimes an alternative to the criminal justice system’s existing response to wrongdoing. Perhaps most importantly, it is also an alternative response to harm or conflict at the micro, meso, and macro levels.
In this course, we will explore restorative justice and the ideas that form its foundation. We will question its strengths and shortcomings, examine restorative practices, and investigate opportunities to put the theory into practice. Over the course of the semester we will critically examine restorative justice theory, principles, and concepts while creating a unique opportunity to explore the philosophy from various perspectives, and as it is applied in various contexts.
Discussions and readings will take a critical look at how restorative justice presents a contrasting philosophy of justice that addresses the needs of multiple stakeholders, draws from faith-based and indigenous approaches, and challenges interpersonal and structural forms of harm. We will also explore intersections and applications of restorative justice within multiple fields and movements including racial justice, trauma healing, education, youth development, and transitional justice.
Although the focus will be on exploring theoretical, empirical, and experiential restorative approaches, there will also be some opportunity to develop and practice applied “facilitation” skills. As we examine the problems and limitations associated with dominant (punitive) responses to crime and rule violations, we will assess how restorative justice presents an alternative philosophy of justice and seek to understand the costs and benefits associated with attempts to apply that philosophy in different contexts, including criminal justice, schools, families, communities and nations.
You will be asked to discuss specific conflicts, dissect them through a restorative lens, and actively lead course discussions on your selected conflict. The format hopes to foster a participatory environment. This course is open to NECR and non-NECR students who are interested in further expanding their work in self-awareness, facilitation, conflict transformation, conflict analysis, and analyzing systems.
No one organization or sector has the full suite of capabilities, relationships or assets to tackle persistent and escalating social problems such as poverty, homelessness, food insecurity, equitable access to education and health care, among others. As public resources dedicated to societal benefit become scarcer and calls for accountability become more urgent, the public sector increasingly is turning to public-private partnership (P3) models. Consequently, these models and approaches are becoming as multi-faceted, systemic and global as the challenges they aim to address, with increased opportunities for philanthropy and the non-profit sector.
The term “public-private partnership” is often misused to identify mostly a shifting of risk from government to a private partner in exchange for an up-front payment. A true or “authentic” P3s generates collective benefits that exceed what individual partners could achieve on their own. This course will examine, through readings and case histories, P3 partnerships that involve the sharing of risks and rewards between public, private and nonprofit partners, where the sector-specific expertise and assets of multiple stakeholders are tapped and valued for innovation in the design, delivery and management of cross-sector projects and services. The emphasis will be on the role of philanthropy and the nonprofit sector as equal partners in all aspects of these shared-value partnerships. Students will consider questions about entrepreneurship, nonprofit leadership, and service: How should core public services be financed? What is the most effective way to manage day-to-day operations of public services? What does it mean to be accountable to the public? Examples are drawn from public health, education, international development, urban renewal, and others.
This is an elective that builds on the Nonprofit Management Program’s core curriculum and is designed for all Nonprofit Management Program students and, space permitting, is open to cross-registrants from other fields and/or Columbia University programs (other SPS programs; Teachers College; Business School; Mailman School of Public Health; SIPA). Students should have a strong understanding of the nonprofit development sector in the US; familiarity with international fundraising practices also is welcome.
No one organization or sector has the full suite of capabilities, relationships or assets to tackle persistent and escalating social problems such as poverty, homelessness, food insecurity, equitable access to education and health care, among others. As public resources dedicated to societal benefit become scarcer and calls for accountability become more urgent, the public sector increasingly is turning to public-private partnership (P3) models. Consequently, these models and approaches are becoming as multi-faceted, systemic and global as the challenges they aim to address, with increased opportunities for philanthropy and the non-profit sector.
The term “public-private partnership” is often misused to identify mostly a shifting of risk from government to a private partner in exchange for an up-front payment. A true or “authentic” P3s generates collective benefits that exceed what individual partners could achieve on their own. This course will examine, through readings and case histories, P3 partnerships that involve the sharing of risks and rewards between public, private and nonprofit partners, where the sector-specific expertise and assets of multiple stakeholders are tapped and valued for innovation in the design, delivery and management of cross-sector projects and services. The emphasis will be on the role of philanthropy and the nonprofit sector as equal partners in all aspects of these shared-value partnerships. Students will consider questions about entrepreneurship, nonprofit leadership, and service: How should core public services be financed? What is the most effective way to manage day-to-day operations of public services? What does it mean to be accountable to the public? Examples are drawn from public health, education, international development, urban renewal, and others.
This is an elective that builds on the Nonprofit Management Program’s core curriculum and is designed for all Nonprofit Management Program students and, space permitting, is open to cross-registrants from other fields and/or Columbia University programs (other SPS programs; Teachers College; Business School; Mailman School of Public Health; SIPA). Students should have a strong understanding of the nonprofit development sector in the US; familiarity with international fundraising practices also is welcome.
This is an interdisciplinary workshop for scientists, future NGO workers and journalists seeking skills in communicating 21st-century global science to the public. Scientists will be given journalism skills; journalists will learn how to use science as the basis of their story-telling. The course is designed to give students exercises and real-world experiences in producing feature stories on global science topics. While most scientists and international affairs professionals have been trained to write in the style of peer-reviewed journals, we will focus on journalism techniques, learning how to translate global science into accessible true stories that reach wide audiences.
Science is performed by passionate individuals who use their intelligence and determination to seek answers from nature. By telling their histories and uncovering the drama of discovery, we believe that there are ways for science to be successfully communicated to readers who might otherwise fear it.
This is an interdisciplinary workshop for scientists, future NGO workers and journalists seeking skills in communicating 21st-century global science to the public. Scientists will be given journalism skills; journalists will learn how to use science as the basis of their story-telling. The course is designed to give students exercises and real-world experiences in producing feature stories on global science topics. While most scientists and international affairs professionals have been trained to write in the style of peer-reviewed journals, we will focus on journalism techniques, learning how to translate global science into accessible true stories that reach wide audiences.
Science is performed by passionate individuals who use their intelligence and determination to seek answers from nature. By telling their histories and uncovering the drama of discovery, we believe that there are ways for science to be successfully communicated to readers who might otherwise fear it.
This course enables students to understand the impact of IT on an organization’s transformative objectives. Students learn how to integrate IT as the key driver for business process change and for continuous improvement in incremental gains and for selective reengineering to effectuate substantial breakthroughs in process performance. Students will develop an in-depth understanding of how technology can have a push-effect on an organization’s processes and of the factors that must be in-synch to facilitate such an effect, e.g., organizational desire for change, corporate culture, and the strategic role that IT leaders must play in working together with the lines of business to effectuate this change.
Aquatic systems are critical for provisioning ecosystem services that have sustained human civilization as evidenced by the establishment of the earliest civilizations on banks of rivers or along a coast. Apart from regulating climate, aquatic systems provide food and transportation services, fresh water lakes and reservoirs provide water for consumption and irrigation, and coastal systems offer recreational services. But growing human population, especially along the coast, has endangered the quality of ecosystem services. The primary finding of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment was that 15 out 24 ecosystem services examined are being degraded or being used unsustainably (MEA 2005). Monitoring the aquatic ecosystem and understanding how to distinguish between anthropogenic and natural variability is an essential aspect of sustainability science. This course will provide an introduction to the use of remote sensing techniques that can be used to study the aquatic environment. There are several space-based sensors that provide information relevant to sustainable management of aquatic resources. Depending on the sensor, observations are made as frequently as every day and spatially covering the entire globe. Understanding the spatial and temporal context around an issue can help discriminate between local and far field effects and time series of remote sensing data can be constructed to investigate causes and consequences of environmental events. Thus knowledge of the basic science of remote sensing, understanding how to select the appropriate sensor to answer a question, where to find the data and how to analyze this data could be critical tools for anyone interested in oceanic, coastal, and freshwater resource management. The course will follow active learning techniques and will consist of a lecture to introduce concepts followed by a discussion and lab time for hands on activities to learn and use tools for analysis of remote sensing data. After the introduction of the basic principles of remote sensing, a series of case studies will be used to explore concepts in sustainability such as water quality, nutrient loading and hypoxia, coral reefs. Remote sensing tools that are used to investigate and address environmental questions such as the effects of shutting down a sewage treatment plant, mapping of suspended sediment concentrations will be demonstrated and used by the students. Each case study will be briefly introduced at the end of the pre
Prerequisites: three semesters of Biology or the instructors permission. The course examines current knowledge and potential medical applications of pluripotent stem cells (embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells), direct conversions between cell types and adult, tissue-specific stem cells (concentrating mainly on hematopoietic and gut stem cells as leading paradigms). A basic lecture format will be supplemented by presentations and discussions of research papers. Recent reviews and research papers, together with extensive instructor notes, will be used in place of a textbook. SCE and TC students may register for this course, but they must first obtain the written permission of the instructor, by filling out a paper Registration Adjustment Form (Add/Drop form). The form can be downloaded at the URL below, but must be signed by the instructor and returned to the office of the registrar.
http://registrar.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/content/reg-adjustment.pdf
The course introduces practitioners of sustainability management to the data analysis techniques and statistical methods which are indispensable to their work. The class teaches how to build statistical substantiation and to critically evaluate it in the context of sustainability problems. The statistics topics and examples have been chosen for their special relevance to sustainability problems, including applications in environmental monitoring, impact assessment, and econometric analyses of sustainable development. Students are assumed to have had no previous exposure to statistics.
This course demonstrates how to conduct a quantitative analysis of an organization’s work processes and operations, resource utilization, and environmental impact necessary to create a rationale for implementing sustainability initiatives. Statistical topics, including probability and random variables, will be discussed in both theory and in their practical applications for sustainability managers. This course will provide students with the skills to conduct regression analysis, to conduct hypothesis and estimation testing, to design surveys, and to prepare statistics packages. These quantitative skills are necessary for a professional manager responsible for the management of people, finances and operations toward sustainability goals.
This course is designed to provide students with working knowledge on how to make successful investments in sustainable companies and to prepare students to be conversationally literate in financial reporting. As you leave the school and become leaders of organizations financial literacy will be a skill set that will be vital to success no matter what career path you go down. It starts with a strong foundation in accounting and corporate finance, then moves on to ESG/Impact screening of potential investments, along with valuation techniques used to arrive at a purchase price. It will explore financial models that can aggregate multiple variables used to drive investment decisions.
To understand and lead a transition to a sustainability-aware business, managers must first be familiar with the terminology, practices and consequences of traditional accounting and finance. Students will learn traditional financial and accounting methods and tools. We will examine how these methods and tools are changing to improve product and service design, resource efficiency and allocation, employee productivity and sustainability performance outcomes. Students will learn how value is created in a company and the different methods employed to create that value, conduct due diligence, discuss optimal capital structure to finance a transaction, execute a transaction, and implement a Sustainability-based value-added operating plan to the target company. The course will conclude with students preparing a persuasive investment memo and accompanying financial model to the investment committee of an impact investing asset management firm. The course also provides a practical introduction to selected non-financial accounting topics including sustainability reporting standards, ESG corporate performance indicators and corporate social responsibility report (CSR Reporting).
APPLIED ANALYTICS FRAMEWORKS & METHODS I
APPLIED ANALYTICS FRAMEWORKS & METHODS I
This course provides an overview of the traditional ERM frameworks used to identify, assess, manage, and disclose key organizational risks. The traditional ERM frameworks are those that are more commonly in use and include COSO ERM, ISO 31000, and the Basel Accords. This course also provides an understanding of the methods, tools, techniques, and terminology most organizations use to manage their key risks, presented in the context of the foundational elements of an ERM process. This will enable students to navigate the ERM landscape within most organizations, and, along with the second-semester course Value-Based ERM, evaluate opportunities to enhance the existing ERM practices and evolve their ERM programs over time.
TBA
TBA
This course will focus on using ceramics as a primary art making machine by breaking out of the constraints wedded to this traditional material. Building on the foundation set in Ceramics1, this course will delve further into the technical and historical aspects of the ceramic process as well as into the conceptual ideas in artmaking.
Students will use a self-directed working process to facilitate the incorporation of ceramic materials into their existing art making while also being allowed room to go in their own conceptual direction. Rigorous group and individual critiques will be held on a regular basis.
Content is a priority in this class, along with the further understanding of ceramic processes and materials. The goal is for the student to be proficient in producing their ideas without the obstruction of technical difficulties.
This course explores the intersection of theory and practice in conflict resolution, giving students the opportunity to apply the models, frameworks, and theories they have studied in the NECR program to real-world scenarios. Students will analyze case studies, review current events, and bring to bear their own experiences in international, organizational, community, and interpersonal conflicts in an interactive setting as they continue to develop and hone their critical thinking skills.
Drawing from the disciplines of social psychology and clinical psychology, political science, international relations, and the latest advances in neuroscience, conflict resolution practitioners have at their disposal a wealth of research that can inform their analysis of how to assist parties to mitigate, de-escalate, and prevent conflict.
Building especially on the material covered in Understanding Conflict and Cooperation (PS5101), the participants in this class will engage with the course readings, instructors, and each other to critically analyze and deconstruct complex conflicts in a variety of contexts. A focus on the actors, issues, structures, strategies, and processes inherent in a conflict will be used in the effort to identify opportunities to change conflict dynamics. Multiculturalism, negotiation and mediation frameworks, accounting for bias, interdependency, intergroup conflict, social identity, peacebuilding, and power dynamics are among the key learnings integrated into the course.
The competencies advanced in this class are intended to be applicable beyond the program into other areas of life. Students will be empowered to reflect critically on a text, select relevant data, understand the applicability of a theory, and offer results-based recommendations in contexts ranging from global to personal.
Prerequisites: At least one semester of calculus. A calculus-based introduction to probability theory. Topics covered include random variables, conditional probability, expectation, independence, Bayes rule, important distributions, joint distributions, moment generating functions, central limit theorem, laws of large numbers and Markovs inequality.
Prerequisites: STAT GR5203 or the equivalent, and two semesters of calculus. Calculus-based introduction to the theory of statistics. Useful distributions, law of large numbers and central limit theorem, point estimation, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, maximum likelihood, likelihood ratio tests, nonparametric procedures, theory of least squares and analysis of variance.
Prerequisites: STAT GR5203 and GR5204 or the equivalent. Theory and practice of regression analysis, Simple and multiple regression, including testing, estimation, and confidence procedures, modeling, regression diagnostics and plots, polynomial regression, colinearity and confounding, model selection, geometry of least squares. Extensive use of the computer to analyse data.
Corequisites: STAT GR5204 and GR5205 or the equivalent. Introduction to programming in the R statistical package: functions, objects, data structures, flow control, input and output, debugging, logical design, and abstraction. Writing code for numerical and graphical statistical analyses. Writing maintainable code and testing, stochastic simulations, paralleizing data analyses, and working with large data sets. Examples from data science will be used for demonstration.
Corequisites: GR5203 or the equivalent. Review of elements of probability theory. Poisson processes. Renewal theory. Walds equation. Introduction to discrete and continuous time Markov chains. Applications to queueing theory, inventory models, branching processes.
Dynamical Systems Theory (DST) is a methodology developed in the hard sciences to understand complex systems—from the weather to the functioning of cells, using mathematical algorithms. We added the lens of social-psychological concepts and practices to better understand how to apply DST to conflict. We are now applying DST to conflict analysis and resolution for larger social problems and conflicts that are protracted, deeply embedded and have multiple complex issues. This DST approach goes beyond linear problem-solving and embraces complexity in new ways. Dynamical Systems and Conflict Resolution (NECR 5210) is a required 3-credit course in the Negotiation and Conflict Resolution Program (NECR). Students are expected to spend on average 20 hours per week on this course, including media, group work, readings, and other assignments. NECR 5210 builds on concepts from Understanding Conflict and Cooperation (NECR 5101), where students became familiar with conflict resolution frames, theories, and models, as well as a basic understanding of the DST approach. This course will further develop and advance student understanding and use of advanced DST concepts and tools that will be useful for scholar-practitioners facing situations that require a systemic approach for more highly complex conflicts. It is a complementary approach that rounds out the other concepts and skills student learn in the program. Throughout this course students will work individually and in groups on multiple case studies, to understand and apply DST methodology, while developing an appreciation for the more fluid and non-linear DST approach.
This course analyzes the ways in which philanthropists and nonprofit organizations plan for and respond to disasters. Disasters create immense need quickly. People have responded generously to many natural and human-created disasters that have led to thousands of victims either domestically or globally. The nonprofit sector has often played a leading role, functioning both on the front-lines with first responders and creating a second response that bridges the period of relief and rebuilding. New technologies have often been deployed to improve fundraising as well as disaster relief. Disasters create both a sense of community born of the common experience of suffering and exacerbate differences within communities as those of lowest means struggle the most to recover. Disaster relief and recovery is ripe with questions about who to help and how to best help, presenting ethical dilemmas for the best intentioned of nonprofit leaders. The course will focus on the United States but both readings and assignments include some international comparisons.
This course analyzes the ways in which philanthropists and nonprofit organizations plan for and respond to disasters. Disasters create immense need quickly. People have responded generously to many natural and human-created disasters that have led to thousands of victims either domestically or globally. The nonprofit sector has often played a leading role, functioning both on the front-lines with first responders and creating a second response that bridges the period of relief and rebuilding. New technologies have often been deployed to improve fundraising as well as disaster relief. Disasters create both a sense of community born of the common experience of suffering and exacerbate differences within communities as those of lowest means struggle the most to recover. Disaster relief and recovery is ripe with questions about who to help and how to best help, presenting ethical dilemmas for the best intentioned of nonprofit leaders. The course will focus on the United States but both readings and assignments include some international comparisons.
How much story can fit into a five-minute film? How do films which are that short satisfy an audience? How big or small can a story be in ten, fifteen, or twenty minutes? Are there any rules to keep in mind when writing a short film? Is it useful to think of a short as a miniature feature, with the same structural elements?
You have spent much of your life watching and thinking about feature films, but at Columbia you will be asked – at least in the first year – to make shorts. These lectures are an introduction to the structure of short narrative films.
Each week, outstanding shorts from Sundance, Cannes, Tribeca, Aspen, and other international festivals will be screened and discussed. (You might see a few duds as well, for comparison purposes.) The emphasis in the first two weeks will be on shorts under six minutes, in preparation for the “3-to-5” project. The second two weeks will be devoted to films between 8 and 12 minutes long, in preparation for the “8-to-12”. The final weeks will include a variety of narratives the size of Columbia thesis films. Altogether, over forty films will be shown and discussed.