CALCULUS I

Prerequisites: (see Courses for First-Year Students). Functions, limits, derivatives, introduction to integrals, or an understanding of pre-calculus will be assumed. (SC)

• Department: Mathematics
• TR 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• TR 11:40 a.m.-12:55 p.m.
• TR 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• TR 4:10 p.m.-5:25 p.m.
• 3 points

ELEMENTARY TAMIL I

This course constitutes the first half of a year-long introduction to Tamil, the official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu as well as an official language of Sri Lanka and Singapore. In addition to being spoken by almost 80 million people worldwide, Tamil also has an impressive classical past, having served as a language of religious, intellectual, and literary life in South India for nearly two millennia. Assuming no prior experience with the language, this introductory sequence provides students with the grammar, language skills, and cultural context necessary for achieving their individual Tamil language goals, whether they be conducting fieldwork or scholarly research, chatting with relatives back home, or simply waxing poetic over an artful 
dosai
. In order to cultivate students’ reading, writing, speaking, and listening comprehension skills, this course draws upon a wide variety of teaching materials, including the core textbook, oral drills, audio recordings, short films, music videos, memes, and more. No P/D/F or R credit is allowed for this class.

• Department: Middle Eastern, South Asian and African Studies
• MTWR 1:10 p.m.-2 p.m.
• Instructor: Jay Ramesh
  Info
• 4 points

Elementary Nepali I

This course is intended for beginners of the Nepali language. The emphasis is given on basic grammar, speaking, and comprehension skills, using culturally appropriate materials and texts. Devanagari script for reading and writing is also introduced.

• Department: Language Resource Center
• MTWR 9:05 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• Instructor: Hom Acharya
  Info
• 4 points

Elementary Old Irish I

This course is an introduction to the grammar of the Old Irish language as it is attested in contemporary documents from the 8th and 9th centuries CE and as it is reflected in later manuscripts. Old Irish has a number of unusual features for a western Indo-European language including such oddities as verb-initial word order, initial mutations, conjugated prepositions, accentually conditioned allomorphies. These features are much easier to acquire with some knowledge of where they came from and how they relate to cognate features in more familiar European languages like Latin. In this course we will combine instruction in the synchronic grammar of the language (learning paradigms, memorizing vocabulary, internalizing syntactic rules) with some degree of historical explanation. But in addition to its interesting grammar, Old Irish is also the vehicle for one of the earliest vernacular literatures of Western Europe. Authors writing in Old Irish produced a distinct literary tradition of great interest to students of Medieval Europe. In this class we will start to read some of this literature, both prose and poetry as well as selections from the Old Irish glosses.

• Department: Language Resource Center
• MTWR 1:25 p.m.-2:15 p.m.
• 4 points

METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIC THOUGHT

• Department: Philosophy
• TR 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• Instructor: Akeel Bilgrami
  CULPA: 28 Wikipedia Info
• 3 points

ELEMENTARY POLISH I

Essentials of the spoken and written language. Prepares students to read texts of moderate difficulty by the end of the first year.

• Department: Slavic Languages
• TRF 1:10 p.m.-2:25 p.m.
• Instructor: Christopher Caes
  Info
• 4 points

ELEMENTARY PORTUGUESE I

A beginning course designed for students who wish to start their study of Portuguese and have no proficiency in another Romance language. The four language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing are developed at the basic level.

• Department: Latin American and Iberian Cultures
• MW 10:10 a.m.-noon
• MW 4:10 p.m.-6 p.m.
• Instructor: Ana P Huback
  CULPA: 1 Info
• 4 points

STATISTICS LECTURE AND RECITATION

STATISTICS LECTURE&RECITATION

Prerequisite (or co-requisite): PSYC BC1001. Lecture course and associated recitation section introducing students to statistics and its applications to psychological research. The course covers basic theory, conceptual underpinnings, and common statistics. The following Columbia University courses are considered overlapping and a student cannot receive credit for both the BC course and the equivalent CU course: STAT UN1001 Introduction to Statistical Reasoning; STAT UN1101 Introduction to Statistics; STAT UN1201 Introduction to Statistics.

• Department: Psychology @Barnard
• W 10:10 a.m.-noon
• W 12:10 p.m.-2 p.m.
• M 4:10 p.m.-6 p.m.
• W 4:10 p.m.-6 p.m.
• Instructor: Robert Brotherton
  CULPA: 1 Info
• 4 points

ELEMENTARY PUNJABI I

Introduction to Punjabi, a major language of northern India and Pakistan. Beginning with the study of the Gurmukhi script, the course offers an intensive study of the speaking, reading, and writing of the language.

• Department: Language Resource Center
• MW 6:10 p.m.-8 p.m.
• Instructor: Sandeep Singh
  Info
• 4 points

ELEMENTARY QUECHUA I

Quechua is the most important and most widely-distributed indigenous language in South America, with over 10 million speakers living from the high mountains to the tropical lowlands in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Those who speak it call the language runa simi or runa shimi, human speech. It was the principal language of the Inca empire and the key language of cultural interaction during the colonial era. Quechua has remained central to indigenous peoples efforts to preserve their cultural autonomy. It has gained greater force in recent years, during which indigenous movements have swept Quechua speakers into national politics, where they have succeeded in transforming constitutions to recognize cultural diversity, making Quechua an official language of state, and successfully promoting schooling in the language. Students who satisfactorily complete Elementary Quechua I and II will be well-prepared for intensive summer study at one of many summer study abroad programs in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia that will put them in closer contact with the indigenous world.

• Department: Language Resource Center
• MWF 9:30 a.m.-10:45 a.m.
• 4 points

FIRST-YEAR RUSSIAN I

Grammar, reading, composition, and conversation.

• Department: Slavic Languages
• MTWR 8:50 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• MTWR 10:10 a.m.-11:15 a.m.
• MTWR 11:40 a.m.-12:45 p.m.
• Instructor: Marina Grineva
  Info
• 5 points

ELEMENTARY SINHALA I

This course is designed to bring students with no background to a point where they can perform most basic linguistic functions in Sinhala, including greetings, likes/dislikes, telling about yourself, describing places and situations, all in appropriate time frames. The class uses a highly interactive classroom style, supplemented by extensive use of video - both prepared and student-produced - and other computer-assisted tools. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative.

• Department: Language Resource Center
• Instructor: Bandara Herath
  Info
• 4 points

ELEMENTARY SPANISH I

Prerequisites: a score of 0-279 on the department's Spanish as a Second Language Placement exam. An introduction to Spanish communicative competence, with stress on basic oral interaction, reading, writing, and cultural knowledge. Principal objectives are to understand and produce commonly used sentences to satisfy immediate needs; ask and answer questions about personal details such as where we live, people we know and things we have; interact in a simple manner with people who speak clearly, slowly and are ready to cooperate; and understand simple and short written and audiovisual texts in Spanish. All Columbia students must take Spanish language courses (UN 1101-3300) for a letter grade.

• Department: Latin American and Iberian Cultures
• MWF 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• MWF 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• MWR 11:40 a.m.-12:55 p.m.
• TRF 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• TRF 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• TRF 11:40 a.m.-12:55 p.m.
• TRF 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• TRF 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• TRF 11:40 a.m.-12:55 p.m.
• MWF 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• MWF 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• TRF 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• TRF 11:40 a.m.-12:55 p.m.
• TRF 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Aaron R Boalick
  Info
• 4 points

INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS

Prerequisites: intermediate high school algebra. Designed for students in fields that emphasize quantitative methods. Graphical and numerical summaries, probability, theory of sampling distributions, linear regression, analysis of variance, confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. Quantitative reasoning and data analysis. Practical experience with statistical software. Illustrations are taken from a variety of fields. Data-collection/analysis project with emphasis on study designs is part of the coursework requirement.

• Department: Statistics
• MW 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• MW 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Alex Pijyan
  Info
• 3 points

ELEMENTARY SWEDISH I

The goal of this course is to introduce students to the Swedish language as it is spoken in Sweden today. The class will also introduce important aspects of contemporary Swedish culture, historical figures and events, and Swedish traditions. Upon the completion of the course, students who have attended class regularly have submitted all assignments and taken all tests and quizzes should be able to: provide basic information in Swedish about themselves, families, interests, food, likes and dislikes, daily activities; understand and participate in a simple conversation on everyday topics (e.g. occupation, school, meeting people, food, shopping, hobbies, etc.); read edited texts on familiar topics, understand the main ideas and identify the underlying themes; pick out important information from a variety of authentic texts (e.g. menus, signs, schedules, websites, as well as linguistically simple literary texts such as songs and rhymes); fill in forms requesting information, write letters, notes, postcards, or messages providing simple information; provide basic information about Sweden and the rest of the Nordic countries (e.g. languages spoken, capitals, etc); use and understand a range of essential vocabulary related to everyday life (e.g. days of the week, colors, numbers, months, seasons, telling time, foods, names of stores, family, common objects, transportation, basic adjectives etc.) pronounce Swedish well enough and produce Swedish with enough grammatical accuracy to be comprehensible to a Swedish speaker with experience in speaking with non-natives. use and understand basic vocabulary related to important aspects of contemporary Swedish culture and Swedish traditions (e.g. Christmas traditions, St. Lucia, etc.). Methodology The class will be taught in a communicative way. It will be conducted primarily, but not exclusively in Swedish. In-class activities and homework assignments will focus on developing speaking, reading, writing, listening skills, and a basic understanding of Swedish culture through interaction. Authentic materials will be used whenever possible.

• Department: Germanic Languages
• MW 10:10 a.m.-noon
• Instructor: Heli Sirvioe
  Info
• 4 points

ELEMENTARY SWAHILI I

Essentials of grammar, basic vocabulary, practice in speaking and reading Swahili the most widely used indigenous language of East Africa. No P/D/F or R credit is allowed for this class.

• Department: Middle Eastern, South Asian and African Studies
• MTWR 9:10 a.m.-10 a.m.
• Instructor: Abdul Nanji
  CULPA: 1 Info
• 4 points

ELEMENTARY TELUGU I

• Department: Language Resource Center
• MTWRF 2:35 p.m.-3:25 p.m.
• 4 points

FIRST YEAR VIETNAMESE I

This course introduces students to the linguistic and grammatical structures of Vietnamese, a major language of Southeast Asia. Language skills include listening, speaking, reading and writing. Students will also be introduced to some aspects of Vietnamese life and culture.

• Department: East Asian Languages and Cultures
• MTWR 10:10 a.m.-11:15 a.m.
• Instructor: Chung Nguyen
  CULPA: 1 Info
• 5 points

ELEMENTARY WOLOF I

Introduction to the basic grammatical structures of Wolof, a major language of West Africa spoken in Senegal and Gambia. No P/D/F or R credit is allowed for this class.

• Department: Middle Eastern, South Asian and African Studies
• MTWR 12:10 p.m.-1 p.m.
• Instructor: Mariame S Sy
  Info
• 4 points

ELEMENTARY YIDDISH I

This course offers an introduction to the language that has been spoken by the Ashkenazi Jews for more than a millennium, and an opportunity to discover a fabulous world of Yiddish literature, language and culture in a fun way. Using games, new media, and music, we will learn how to speak, read, listen and write in a language that is considered one of the richest languages in the world (in some aspects of vocabulary). We will also venture outside the classroom to explore the Yiddish world today: through field trips to Yiddish theater, Yiddish-speaking neighborhoods, Yiddish organizations, such as YIVO or Yiddish farm, and so on. We will also have Yiddish-speaking guests and do a few digital projects. At the end of the two-semester course, you will be able to converse in Yiddish on a variety of everyday topics and read most Yiddish literary and non-literary texts. Welcome to Yiddishland!

• Department: Germanic Languages
• TR 12:10 p.m.-2 p.m.
• Instructor: Agnieszka Legutko
  CULPA: 1 Info
• 4 points

ELEMENTARY YORUBA I

This course is designed to bring students with no background to a point where they can perform most basic linguistic functions in Yoruba, including greetings, likes/dislikes, telling about yourself, describing places and situations, all in appropriate time frames. The class uses a highly interactive classroom style, supplemented by extensive use of video - both prepared and student-produced - and other computer-assisted tools. Please note this course is offered by videoconferencing from Cornell as part of the Shared Course Initiative.

• Department: Language Resource Center
• MTWR 10:10 a.m.-11 a.m.
• 4 points

ELEMENTARY ZULU I

Introduces students to the basic structures of Zulu, a Bantu language spoken in South Africa, especially in the Zululand area of KwaZulu/Natal province.

• Department: Language Resource Center
• MTWRF 11:35 a.m.-12:25 p.m.
• Instructor: Nandipa Sipengane
  Info
• 4 points

ELEMENTARY CZECH II

Essentials of the spoken and written language. Prepare students to read texts of moderate difficulty by the end of the first year.

• Department: Slavic Languages
• TRF 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• Instructor: Christopher W Harwood
  CULPA: 4 Info
• 4 points

THE ART OF ENGINEERING

Bridge between the science-oriented, high school way of thinking and the engineering point of view. Fundamental concepts of math and science reviewed and re-framed in an engineering context; numerous examples of each concept drawn from all disciplines of engineering represented at Columbia. Non-technical issues of importance in professional engineering practice such as ethics, engineering project management, and societal impact.
Only open to Columbia Engineering first-year undergraduate students or second-year transfer students. Lab fee: $150.

• Department: Engineering
• F 11 a.m.-1 p.m.
• Instructor: David G Vallancourt
  CULPA: 28 Info
• 4 points

ELEMENTARY FRENCH II

The aim of the beginning French sequence (French 1101 and French 1102) is to help you to develop an active command of the language. Emphasis is placed on acquiring the four language skills--listening, speaking, reading and writing--within a cultural context, in order to achieve basic communicative proficiency.

• Department: French
• MTWR 8:50 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• TRF 11:40 a.m.-12:55 p.m.
• TRF 1:10 p.m.-2:25 p.m.
• TRF 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• TRF 4:10 p.m.-5:25 p.m.
• 4 points

REVIEW OF FRENCH FUNDAMENTALS

Prerequisites: Primarily for students who need further instruction to qualify for the intermediate course. Credit cannot be granted for both FREN BC1002 and BC1102 (or its equivalent). Enrollment limited to 20 students per section. Oral and written review of basic grammar and syntax. Readings in modern French and Francophone literature.

• Department: French @Barnard
• MW 1:10 p.m.-2:25 p.m.
• Instructor: Hadley T Suter
  CULPA: 7 Info
• 3 points

ELEMENTARY GERMAN II

Prerequisites: GERM UN1101 or the equivalent. If you have prior German outside of Columbia’s language sequence, the placement exam is required. German 1102 is the continuation of Elementary German I (1101). It is a four-skill language course taught in German, in which students continue to develop listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in German and an understanding of German-speaking cultures. Emphasis is placed on acquiring the four language skills--listening, speaking, reading and writing--within a cultural context. Students expand their communication skills to include travel, storytelling, personal well- being, basic economics, recent historical events, and working with movie segments. Completion of daily assignments, which align with class content, and consistent work are necessary in order to achieve basic communicative proficiency.

• Department: Germanic Languages
• MTR 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• MTR 1:10 p.m.-2:25 p.m.
• Instructor: Faculty
  h-index: 37 Info
• 4 points

ELEMENTARY ITALIAN II

Prerequisites: ITAL V1101 or the equivalent. Introduction to Italian grammar, with emphasis on reading, writing, listening and speaking skills.

• Department: Italian
• TRF 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• MWR 1:10 p.m.-2:25 p.m.
• Instructor: Barbara Spinelli
  CULPA: 9 Info
• Instructor: Alessandra Saggin
  CULPA: 4 Info
• 4 points

ELEMENTARY LATIN II

Prerequisites: LATN UN1101. A continuation of LATN UN1101, including a review of grammar and syntax for students whose study of Latin has been interrupted.

• Department: Classics
• TR 6:10 p.m.-8 p.m.
• 4 points

CALCULUS II

Prerequisites: MATH UN1101 or the equivalent. Methods of integration, applications of the integral, Taylors theorem, infinite series. (SC)

• Department: Mathematics @Barnard
• MW 4:10 p.m.-5:25 p.m.
• MW 5:40 p.m.-6:55 p.m.
• TR 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• TR 4:10 p.m.-5:25 p.m.
• TR 6:10 p.m.-7:25 p.m.
• Instructor: Chris Ivanov
  Info
• 3 points

ELEMENTARY PORTUGUESE II

Prerequisites: PORT W1101 or the equivalent. A course designed to acquaint students with the Portuguese verbal, prepositional, and pronominal systems. As a continuation of Elementary Portuguese I (PORT W1101), this course focuses on the uses of characteristic forms and expressions of the language as it is spoken and written in Brazil today.

• Department: Latin American and Iberian Cultures
• MW 2:10 p.m.-4 p.m.
• Instructor: Ana P Huback
  CULPA: 1 Info
• 4 points

ELEMENTARY SPANISH II

Prerequisites: SPAN UN1101 or a score of 280-379 on the department’s Spanish as a Second Language Placement exam. An intensive introduction to Spanish language communicative competence, with stress on basic oral interaction, reading, writing and cultural knowledge as a continuation of SPAN UN1101. The principal objectives are to understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of immediate relevance; communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a direct exchange of information on familiar matters; describe in simple terms aspects of our background and personal history; understand the main point, the basic content, and the plot of filmic as well as short written texts. All Columbia students must take Spanish language courses (UN 1101-3300) for a letter grade.

• Department: Latin American and Iberian Cultures
• MWR 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• MWR 4:10 p.m.-5:25 p.m.
• MWR 5:40 p.m.-6:55 p.m.
• TRF 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• TRF 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• MWF 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• MWF 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• MWF 11:40 a.m.-12:55 p.m.
• TRF 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• MWF 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• MWF 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• MWF 11:40 a.m.-12:55 p.m.
• TRF 4:10 p.m.-5:25 p.m.
• TRF 5:40 p.m.-6:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Jose Placido Ruiz-Campillo
  Info
• 4 points

Intro to Statistics Recitation

This is only recitation for STAT UG1101. We are requesting 8 sections of recitation to align with the two sections of 1101 offered for Fall 2024.

• Department: Statistics
• M 6:10 p.m.-7:25 p.m.
• T 6:10 p.m.-7:25 p.m.
• M 4:10 p.m.-5:25 p.m.
• W 4:10 p.m.-5:25 p.m.
• T 4:10 p.m.-5:25 p.m.
• R 4:10 p.m.-5:25 p.m.
• T 12:10 p.m.-1:25 p.m.
• R 11:40 a.m.-12:30 p.m.
• Instructor: Alex Pijyan
  Info
• 0 points

PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS

Corequisites: ECON UN1155 How a market economy determines the relative prices of goods, factors of production, and the allocation of resources and the circumstances under which it does it efficiently. Why such an economy has fluctuations and how they may becontrolled.

• Department: Economics
• MW 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• MW 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• TR 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Sunil K Gulati
  CULPA: 113 Info
• Instructor: Prajit K Dutta
  CULPA: 20 Info
• Instructor: Waseem Noor
  CULPA: 7 Info
• 4 points

Elementary Spanish for Heritage Speakers

Elem Spanish Heritage Spe

Prerequisites: Scoring at this level on the department’s Spanish as a Heritage Language Placement test (https://columbia-barnard.vega-labs.com).

The principal aim of SPAN UN1108 is to build upon and further develop the informal knowledge of Spanish that heritage learners bring to the classroom—usually from family and neighborhood exposure to the language—and cultivate formal speaking, listening, reading, and writing abilities. Students are not expected to have any academic training in written Spanish prior to enrolling in this course.

Spanish heritage language courses at Columbia/Barnard focus on the development of communicative abilities and literacy from sociolinguistic and sociocultural approaches. Throughout the semester, students will be reviewing spelling patterns, building vocabulary, acquiring and effectively using learning strategies, and strengthening composition skills in Spanish. Cultural projects and readings reinforce learners’ understanding of the multiple issues related to Hispanic cultures in the United States and in other Spanish-speaking societies.

• Department: Latin American and Iberian Cultures
• MWR 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• MWR 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• Instructor: Diana Romero
  CULPA: 27 Info
• 4 points

Warfare in the Ancient Greek World

This course focuses on intercommunal and interstate conflict in the ancient Greek world,
from Homer to the Hellenistic age, mainly in the Eastern Mediterranean (730 BCE-100
BCE). The emphasis will be on the two elements of "miltary history": that is, we will pay
equal attention to all the elements of violent, murderous and destructive conflict on the
battlefield and in various forms of unconventional warfare, and to the social, economic and
cultural history of war. In other words, we will look at the experience of combat, tactics,
strategy, operation, sieges, naval warfare; but also at economics, social structure, cultural
constraints, gender constructions. The study of ancient Greek warfare, like everything else in
the realm of ancient history, is very much dependent on good handling of the complex, far
from straightforward, and incomplete sources. We will therefore think about, and practice,
self-aware source criticism, of literary, documentary, visual and material documents.

• Department: Classics
• MW 6:10 p.m.-7:25 p.m.
• Instructor: John T Ma
  CULPA: 4 Info
• 3 points

HUMAN ORIGINS & EVOLUTION-DISC

• Department: Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology
• R 5:10 p.m.-6 p.m.
• R 6:10 p.m.-7 p.m.
• Instructor: Jill S Shapiro
  CULPA: 46 Info
• 0 points

ELEMENTARY AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE I

ELEMENTARY ASL I

The first half of a two-semester introduction to American Sign Language, intended for students with no prior experience in ASL.

• Department: American Studies @Barnard
• MWF 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• MWF 1:10 p.m.-2:25 p.m.
• Instructor: Kailyn Aaron-Lozano
  Info
• 4 points

FIRST YEAR CHINESE W

The course is specially designed for students of Chinese heritage and advanced beginners with good speaking skills. It aims to develop the student's basic skills to read and write modern colloquial Chinese. Pinyin system is introduced; standard Chinese pronunciation, and traditional characters. Classes will be conducted mostly in Chinese. Open to students with Mandarin speaking ability in Chinese only. CC GS EN CE

• Department: East Asian Languages and Cultures
• MWR 11:40 a.m.-12:55 p.m.
• MTR 1:10 p.m.-2:25 p.m.
• MWR 4:10 p.m.-5:25 p.m.
• 5 points

Warfare in the Ancient Greek World - Dis

Warfare in Ancient Greek

This course focuses on intercommunal and interstate conflict in the ancient Greek world,
from Homer to the Hellenistic age, mainly in the Eastern Mediterranean (730 BCE-100
BCE). The emphasis will be on the two elements of "miltary history": that is, we will pay
equal attention to all the elements of violent, murderous and destructive conflict on the
battlefield and in various forms of unconventional warfare, and to the social, economic and
cultural history of war. In other words, we will look at the experience of combat, tactics,
strategy, operation, sieges, naval warfare; but also at economics, social structure, cultural
constraints, gender constructions. The study of ancient Greek warfare, like everything else in
the realm of ancient history, is very much dependent on good handling of the complex, far
from straightforward, and incomplete sources. We will therefore think about, and practice,
self-aware source criticism, of literary, documentary, visual and material documents.

• Department: Classics
• F 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• Instructor: John T Ma
  CULPA: 4 Info
• 0 points