Foundations of valuation is an introductory finance course required for all MBA students. It is designed to cover those areas of finance that are important to all managers, whether they specialize in finance or not. At the end of the course, you will be familiar with the most common financial instruments (stocks, bonds, options) and the methods to value them. More specifically, we will cover the following topics:
1. General framework for valuation (present value formula)
2. Bond and bond valuation (spot rates, yield to maturity, duration, convexity)
3. Stocks (stock valuation, dividend growth model)
4. Basic concepts of risk and return and the CAPM
5. Options (Black-Scholes formula)
The course will be a mix of lectures and cases. Students are expected to come prepared to class since the course relies on several in-class exercises students will solve in excel.
Corporate finance is an introductory course required for all MBA students. It is designed to cover those areas of finance that are important to all managers, whether they specialize in finance or not. At the end of the course, you will be able to value a firm. To reach this goal, the course covers the following topics:
1. Introduction to frameworks for firm valuation (enterprise DCF and multiples)
2. Multiple valuations
3. Free cash flows (definition, projections)
4. Residual value
5. Weighted average cost of capital
6. Optimal capital structure
The course will consist of approximately one‐half lecture and one‐half in‐class case discussions, for which students should prepare carefully. The course aims to provide students with an understanding of sound theoretical principles of finance and the practical environment in which financial decisions are made.
Columbia Business School is the academic home of Benjamin Graham and the birthplace of security analysis and value investing. Graham taught Advanced Security Analysis at Columbia from 1927 to 1956. Graham and David Dodd published their seminal work, Security Analysis, in 1934 and Graham published The Intelligent Investor in 1949. Roger Murray took over teaching the course upon Graham’s retirement and taught it until he retired in 1977. After a 16-year gap, value investing returned in the fall of 1993 under Professor Bruce Greenwald’s guidance and has been offered at the school ever since. Interestingly, the course was renamed Introduction to Value Investing, which was the first time the course referenced value investing in its name. Notable graduates from the program include Warren Buffett, Mario Gabelli, Leon Cooperman, Chuck Royce, Art Sandberg, Glenn Greenberg, William von Mueffling, and Todd Combs. This course introduces a framework for investing based on fundamental analysis and evaluates investment opportunities through the lens of an equity investor. Although much of the material in this course has a strong academic foundation, the goal is to develop practical tools that the student can use immediately to improve their investment process and decision making in the real world. The course will demonstrate how to determine a company’s fundamental value. Key inputs in the analysis will be the company’s level of profitability and financial returns, the duration of its competitive advantage, the value of its growth opportunity, the strength of its management team, and the risks inherent in the investment. These tools apply to public and private markets, and the course will show how to use the tools in each opportunity. The course material will be delivered through lectures, exercises, readings, in-class discussions, and homework assignments; the last day of the course will be devoted to student presentations of an investment recommendation using the tools from the course. This survey course is designed to introduce the fundamentals of the Graham and Dodd value approach to investment analysis. The basic analytical structure and its relationship to many elements from the MBA curriculum will be described through lectures, exercises, readings, in-class discussions, and homework assignments; the last day of the week will be devoted to student presentations of an investment recommendation.
This course provides students with a rigorous foundation in capital markets and investments, emphasizing asset valuation from an applied perspective. It covers valuation techniques for financial securities, essential to portfolio management and risk management applications. Key topics include arbitrage, the term structure of interest rates, portfolio theory, diversification, equilibrium asset pricing models such as the CAPM, market efficiency and inefficiencies, performance evaluation, analysis of common pooled investment vehicles, behavioral finance, and tax-aware investment strategies. Through interactive activities, case studies, and simulations utilizing real-world market data, students will acquire analytical skills and foundational knowledge required for advanced finance courses and practical roles within the investment industry.
Note for MBA students: B5300 is a full term course offered only to EMBA students and is not available to MBA students. MBA students must complete B6301, Foundations of Valuation, to satisfy this prerequisite. If you sat the Corporate Finance exemption exam, please note this exam corresponds to B6302, the half term version, which does not fulfill the B5300 or B6301 requirement for this course.
Advanced Corporate Finance develops the art and science of optimal strategic decision-making by applying corporate financial theory to cases of financial policy, financial instruments and valuation. In particular, the following topics are studied: cost of capital and capital budgeting, discounted cash flow valuation and financial multiples, payout policy, equity and debt financing, option pricing theory and applications, corporate control and recapitalizations. The classes are structured to maximize the synergy between theory and practice, providing students portable, durable and marketable tools for their internships and careers.
What should you expect to learn from this class?
1. Develop and refine a high-quality investment process
2. Build background and primary research skills
3. Attain greater awareness and insight into metacognition and psychology in investing
4. Understand the different ways of managing risk in investing
5. Develop and cultivate relationships with industry experts
6. Build relationships with fantastic alumni
There are many ways to make money in the markets and our goal is to provide you
with an investment process/approach that can be applied not just to public investing,
which is the focus of this class, but also to other asset classes.
Speakers: Each class will be supplemented with a guest speaker who is an expert in
their field and in the key topic of each class to further bridge theory and practice.
Speakers will include hedge fund managers, experienced investment analysts, CEOs,
industry experts, and investigative researchers.
Mentors: Each student will be provided a mentor from the industry. We encourage
you to connect with them regularly, utilize their feedback in your work, and build a longterm relationship.
The “Private Equity Lab” offers a distinctive experiential learning opportunity for students to engage directly with private equity firms on real-world projects. This course is a blend of academic instruction and hands-on experience, tailored for those looking to deepen their understanding of private equity (PE) through practical application. Partnering with PE firms identified through the Columbia Business School's (CBS) alumni network in the New York City area, this program supports students who work on specific research projects integral to the firms' current deals, portfolio management, or investment strategy. These projects are screened to be mission-crucial but not mission-critical for the firms. This ensures students will work on meaningful projects while protecting the partner firm’s performance. The course thus facilitates a connection between a student and a PE firm with a self-contained research project that could benefit from the student’s skills.
The course aims to coordinate a collection of such projects that would otherwise be organized as “Field Study Projects” in independent studies and seeks to overcome the challenge of students sourcing these opportunities and identifying faculty advisors to mentor the project. Importantly, this is not an internship arrangement, and students are not paid (thus, the hours worked are capped at the usual amount of total expected class time).
The course focuses on the set of concepts and techniques used to analyze and finance income-producing real property. It starts with the characteristics that make real property different, including cash flow uncertainties, debt sources and tax features. It then considers the available strategies and structures of real estate finance, including capital structure choices for construction and permanent financing. Extensive use is then made of cases to illustrate the range of choices and outcomes.
Real Estate Transactions is to provide you with an understanding of the institutional framework of commercial real estate transactions. It is the complement to the analytics of finance and investment. Real estate transactions draw upon a vast array of laws and regulations - property law, contract law, land-use law, environment law, securities law, constitutional law, corporate law, bankruptcy law, insurance law, and riparian law. Tax considerations similarly play a significant role in shaping transactions as real estate is highly sensitive to taxation at all levels of government and across all stages of property ownership. You should finish the course knowing how the terms and conditions spelled out in a term sheet find their way into particular sections and provisions of a deals legal documentation. To succeed in this business, you will need to be savvy consumers of legal expertise, notwithstanding the knowledge and expertise of your attorney.
In this twelve-person seminar, we will review the structure of the high yield bond and private lending markets and develop a practical approach to assess credit risk. The class will be divided into four groups of three students each. Homework assignments and presentations are to be completed collaboratively within each group. We will discuss market trends and analyze recent debt offerings. The emphasis will be placed on developing analytic skills for reviewing corporate credit (i.e., understanding the economics/cash generation capacity of a business, one’s position in a balance sheet and rights as a creditor) and assessing how the market measures and prices credit risk.
The purpose of this course is to give students an in-depth discussion of academic and policy/practitioner research to be able to address and evaluate the following questions. What are the challenges in measuring poverty? How pervasive is poverty and what are the underlying drivers of poverty? Has economic growth in developing countries (such as Brazil, China and India) helped to alleviate poverty? How pervasive is poverty in the United States? What are informal credit markets? Who participates in them? What are the interest rates and default rates in these markets? What are the challenges to the flow of credit to the poor borrowers? How can they be surmounted? What is the role of microfinance in delivering financial services to the Poor? How successful has been this effort? What are the challenges? What are some of the recent capital market innovations in the markets for the Poor? Can they help to scale up and bring down interest rates? - What are some of the innovations introduced by corporations and governments in this field? With a view to addressing the questions above, the course will begin by examining how poverty is measured, and characterize (using different measures) how pervasive poverty is. In this context, we will pay special attention to simple (exogenous) measures of poverty rates, and multi-dimensional measures of poverty, which link poverty to some underlying deprivations (such as lack of access to education, healthcare, living standards, etc.). We will also examine how the poor organize their lives, budget their consumption expenditures, and survey their access to certain services. After this the course will present evidence on the extent to which poverty has been alleviated in different parts of the world, and how the results compare with the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) set by the United Nations in 2000. Newly established Sustainable Development Goals will be briefly presented. We will also explore the extent to which economic growth in countries has influenced poverty rates. In this context, we will examine the poverty alleviation process and major indicators of poverty in Brazil, China and India before and after these economies began to experience significant economic expansion: this discussion will shed some light on the relationship between economic growth and poverty rates. After characterizing poverty, the course will turn to the role of markets (broadly defined to include private markets, corporate social initiatives, and government initiatives) that address the needs of the poor
This course will teach students how to construct investment portfolios for various asset allocation purposes (family offices, endowments, foundations, etc.). The course will teach the history and evolution of the asset allocation industry and its varying schools of thought. The professors will draw on their own insights and frameworks developed at East Rock Capital and several industry practitioner guest speakers. Students will learn how to identify high-conviction investment opportunities in established and emerging managers and direct investment opportunities and how to construct diversified portfolios focused on long-term wealth creation rather than short-term performance. By the end of the class the students will have a strong foundation to start their careers in asset allocation.
The course will focus on identifying specialized managers. Students will analyze case studies of both direct and indirect investments and learn strategies for conducting thorough due diligence. A significant component of the course will involve portfolio construction techniques. Students will learn how to categorize holdings into appropriate buckets (e.g., "Generational Assets," "Liquid Assets," and "Family-Directed Assets") to balance risk, return, and investment goals.
The objective is to equip students with practical frameworks for sophisticated wealth management tailored to multi-generational family investors.
The course will meet weekly, and preparation for each class is critical. We will have several outside speakers to research each week and weekly reading assignments based on that week’s module. The final exam will be a semester-long project to put everything we have learned all semester to work.
This course is most relevant for students interested in asset allocation, wealth management, running a family office, and investing. It is an application-based course that is not open to the bidding process.
This will be a demanding class meant for the student intent on entering the investment management industry post-graduation. As such, only students who demonstrate a compelling interest in professional investment management will be admitted, and admission will be limited to 10 students to ensure quality of experience for all involved. This seminar is not open to the bidding process and no auditors will be allowed. The purpose of this section of Advanced Investment Research is to help students learn how to rip apart" a company and draw thoughtful conclusions about whether it might make for a good investment opportunity. Topics will include stock selection, identifying the key investment factors, developing a variant view, and networking with industry contacts to help confirm or refute one's thesis. The class will culminate with students delivering a detailed research recommendation on a single investment idea to a panel of judges. The goal is for students to leave class with an actionable investment idea and a framework for how to develop and research ideas in the future.
This class will be demanding and potentially overwhelming if you are not prepared to dedicate significant time and energy to it. Students should expect 20-25 hours of work per week outside of class, and the work load may be higher if you have not previously done detailed fundamental investment research. We recommend that you do not take this class if you are unable to put in this amount of time because you will not be able to keep up, and you will not be happy with your final grade.
Note: this class will also include a substantial pre-class assignment which will be a material part of the final grade.
Please note that this course was open to Value Investing applicants only, and is not biddable. The roster has been set, and the course is now closed. This course will help students learn the process of performing investment case studies. Investors use case studies to build a library of mental models and real-world analogies to facilitate pattern recognition in order to make superior investment decisions, refine search filters, identify key investment factors, assess how investments are likely to play out, develop and monetize their circle of competence, and to understand the life cycle of investments and where we stand today in that cycle. This class is complementary to the Value Investing Program.
Successful investing in equities markets requires more than just picking stocks given the wide array of equity products at a portfolio managers disposal. This course is intended to explain how derivative products like options, futures, ETFs, structured notes, portfolio trades, credit default swaps and convertible bonds are structured, valued and used by all types of investors globally.The course is designed from both the perspective of the trader who has to account for the real-world costs of hedging derivatives and the investor who cares primarily how the derivative can improve the return or reduce the risk of his/her portfolio. It should complement other classes you have had on derivatives.My course notes have been, developed from the experiences I have had working with institutional and private clients for 18 years at Goldman Sachs.The course is broken into three sections:Indices, Exchange Traded Funds, Futures, Swaps and Portfolio Trading The course starts with a discussion of "Delta 1" equity derivatives, or products that move one for one with the underlying security.Equity Options, Credit Derivatives and Convertibles and Structured Notes Drawing on what youve already learned in other options classes, we explore options based equity and credit products, like equity options, structured notes, credit default swaps and convertible bonds. The goal of this portion of the course is to focus on what real-world factors influence trading in these products and show how they are linked to one another.Strategies A large component of this course involves exploring how investors use these products. Some investors, like pension, mutual and hedge funds, are driven by economic and risk management needs solely in their use of equity derivatives. Corporations, individuals and insurance companies worry about accounting, legal and tax considerations, so any discussion of how they use derivatives requires we cover those issues.Investors outside the United States have unique strategies because of the way the markets developed in Europe and Asia. We discuss these strategies in the last few classes.The material will be delivered through a combination of lectures, guest speakers, case studies and readings. Guest speakers include trading and research business leaders at investment banks and pension funds, as well as investment management institutions."
The course "Private Equity" focuses on the essential aspects of corporate finance relevant to the private equity industry. The course follows the "private equity cycle" of selection, valuation, and harvesting. Initially, students learn to evaluate a target company from the perspective of a private equity firm, keeping in mind the needs of investors and management. The course then delves into financial modeling, deal structuring, PE fund raising and private equity investment management. We will cover the basic LBO model used throughout the industry to structure and value deals.
“Advanced Private Equity” expands on the topics learned in “Private Equity” from a PE investment professional's perspective. The course follows the private equity cycle from sourcing to exit. With the help of guest speakers from the PE industry, students will learn about the early stages of the deal process: sourcing and diligence. The class will build a complex three-statement LBO model, learning about how modern deals are structured with private credit, management rollovers, and non-traditional capital structure decisions. The course shifts to the ownership side of PE deals: value creation. We will cover the strategies used by PE owners to grow and improve their portfolio companies, incorporating initiatives into our models. The course uniquely combines lectures and guest speakers on all topics, where the guest speakers bring applications of all key issues to the classroom.
This course is targeted for both business and law school students seeking to develop an understanding of the issues involved in raising capital for entrepreneurial ventures as well as emerging growth companies. The course will combine a brief overview of the fundamentals of securities regulation with a practical analysis of the key business and valuation issues to be considered in raising capital at all stages in a companys evolution from startup to IPO. The course will draw from case studies based on the actual experiences of entrepreneurs and companies in their pursuit of growth capital.
FINCB8421
The course is very experiential. Learnings will be applied to companies that are currently fundraising and you will assess each company as if you were considering investing. There will be 2-3 guest lecturers (in addition to the startup pitches) from experts in the ecosystem so students get a varied perspective. Real company info will be shared in this class. As a result, class slides will be handed out in class but not shared electronically and class sessions will not be recorded.
You might have heard that value, quant value to be specific, has not performed well over the last decade. Consider the Figure below. It shows the returns associated with investing $1 in four quant strategies, big value, big growth, small value and small growth. The facts are straightforward. Big growth has outperformed big value, but the value premium is alive and well amongst small stocks. In general, when one looks at value versus growth, growth has outperformed greatly. Does this mean value investing is dead? Absolutely not. Journalists and observers confuse quant value with value investing Modern value is about value investing: The process by which we estimate the fundamental value of the business operations of the firm in the context of the competitive position the company has in the industry and markets in which it operates. Notice that I wrote process. Value investing is indeed structured and systematic, and it needs to be because it is granular, focused on the specifics of the firm under consideration. Thus, it is easy to get lost in the details of the firm. The process helps you assess the importance of each bit of information and integrate them coherently in the analysis that combines tools from accounting, valuation and the economics of strategic behavior. around the appropriate aspects of the business?
This half session "B" course is focused primarily on the commercial real estate debt markets and is complimented by the half session "A" course, Real Estate Equity Markets. Students may wish to take both half courses sequentially for a complete understanding of the Real Estate Capital Markets or individually. The purpose of this course is to provide the student with a comprehensive understanding of both theory and practice in the commercial real estate debt markets both from the perspective of capital providers as well as property investors. The approach will be to make sure students first have a thorough grasp of the relevant theories and models used to value these assets and then to apply that understanding to reality seeing the limitations of the theory. Students will learn how to underwrite, size, and analyze a variety of commercial real estate debt including balance sheet first mortgage loans, first mortgage loans for securitization and CMBS, and subordinate debt structures including mezzanine loans, B- notes and preferred equity. The course will also teach the student how to analyze the $800 billion CMBS market, the largest commercial real estate debt market and the associated CRE CDO, CRE CLO and CMBX markets both from a theoretical and practical perspective. These markets finance about one quarter of all commercial real estate debt. They were also at the heart of the recent commercial real estate bubble, collapse and rebirth. Some time will also be devoted to agency "CMBS (multifamily)" markets including FNMA DUS MBS, FHLMC K certificates and Ginnie Mae Project and construction loan certificates. As a final project, students will be grouped into teams and given commercial real estate securities to analyze on a Bloomberg to make investment decisions. All students who would like to understand these critical markets and their connection to the commercial property markets are welcome. The course would be particularly appropriate for students wishing to pursue careers in real estate finance and/or trading, creating, investing in, researching, selling or regulating commercial real estate securities. The course is also recommended for students wishing to pursue careers as developers or investors in commercial real estate properties themselves (" the dirt") but want to understand how to fund their ventures via these instruments and how volatility in the real estate debt capital markets for these instruments can create opportunities and risks in the property markets themselves.
The outstanding notional amount of debt instruments in the world is well over $100 trillion which makes it larger than the global equity markets. Credit, is actually what makes the world go around yet it gets much less billing and excitement than other asset classes. If you think credit is just fixed income, I have a few hedge fund managers you should meet Some of them will be our occasional guest speakers!
This half semester course provides students with the opportunity to perform due diligence on early-stage social ventures
(nonprofit and for-profit ventures with a social or environmental mission). This course is designed for MBA students
interested in impact investing, social entrepreneurship, or philanthropy. The objective of the course is for students to
learn both the theory of investing in early-stage social ventures and the practice of evaluating early-stage social ventures
through a due diligence process. This course is not designed for the evaluation of larger, well-established social
enterprises.
Students are placed in teams to evaluate social entrepreneurs from the Columbia University community who have applied
for funding from the Tamer Fund for Social Ventures. The course is a combination of in-class lectures and discussion, and
practical application of class lessons outside of the classroom. Major topics covered include: the due diligence process,
assessing venture pitches and teams, due diligence in emerging markets, due diligence of non-profits, impact
measurement and management, and valuations and deal structure.
During the course, each student team completes detailed due diligence on their assigned social venture, including
diligence on applicants, the social venture and the sector. The course concludes with student teams submitting a written
due diligence report and a recommendation for funding to the Investment Board of the Tamer Fund for Social Ventures.