This course is designed to provide an introduction to the process of political development. It introduces a set of analytic tools based on the strategic perspective of political science and political economy to evaluate the current debates in political development and to draw policy-relevant conclusions. Throughout the course, we will discuss the political dimensions and the challenges of the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development along with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and their transformations - (1) education, gender and inequality; (2) health, well-being and demography; (3) energy decarbonization and sustainable industry; (4) sustainable food, land, water and oceans; (5) sustainable cities and communities; and (6) the digital revolution for sustainable development - as modular building blocks.
First, we will explore the politics of economic development: the role of leadership, political systems, and institutions in promoting growth. We study the mechanisms that underlie the persistence of poverty. Utilizing numerous country case studies, we will answer: What is political development? What explains why some countries have prospered while others remain poor, violent, or unequal? Why do we observe growth, stability, and freedoms in some and not in others?
Second, we will explore the causes and consequences of the state, political institutions, and democracy. What is at the root of state capacity, political participation, and other aspects of political development? What is the role of property rights and the rule of law in development? How do we promote gender equality and empowerment? How do we detect and mitigate the effects of corruption? How do we foster political stability?
In the third part of the course, we will focus on policies that foster stability and development. We will critically examine the effects of Western intervention in the developing world, historical legacies of slavery and colonialism, and the various tools of foreign policy: aid, democracy promotion, and military interventions. We will further explore the extent to which outside interventions alleviated poverty and whether they improved public goods provision or promoted political stability. Finally, the course will consider the role of emerging powers in the context of global governance and their influence on the future course of development in the Global South.
Political development examines how states acquire authority, build institutions, generate legitimacy, and manage conflict and distribution under conditions of economic and social transformation. Traditionally associated with questions of modernization, state formation, and democratization, the field is centrally concerned with why political order, institutional capacity, representation, and development trajectories vary across countries and regions.
This course approaches political development from the perspective of the Global South. Rather than treating development as a linear or universal process, it asks how colonial legacies, unequal insertion into the international economy, commodity dependence, late industrialization, and geopolitical competition have shaped different trajectories of political and economic change. We will examine how these forces affect state formation, institutional capacity, democratization, authoritarianism, populism, resource-dependent democracies, organized violence, corruption, clientelism, and political order.
A central theme of the course is the tension between commodity dependence and industrialization. We will compare regions and cases in which primary commodity exports, extractive economies, and external vulnerability have constrained development with cases in which states built industrial capacity, governed markets, and reshaped their position in the international economy.
The course closes by returning to this question in the context of climate change and green neo-extractivism, asking whether the green transition creates new development opportunities or reproduces older patterns of dependence, extraction, and unequal environmental costs.
The course does not aim to cover every region of the Global South in every topic. Instead, it uses regional literatures strategically, pairing major themes in political development with the cases and debates in which those themes have generated especially important theoretical and empirical contributions.
Throughout the semester, students will engage with comparative cases and empirical evidence to evaluate competing explanations for political development and underdevelopment. The course is designed for students with interests in comparative politics, international development, political economy, public policy, and global governance. While theoretically grounded, it emphasizes analytical application to contemporary policy challenges facing emerging and developing countries.
In a world of growing complexity, where politics often appears increasingly fragmented, affective, and detached from purely material interests, political psychology offers essential tools for understanding some of the most urgent political and policy challenges of our time.
Contemporary politics is increasingly shaped by polarized in-group and out-group identities, the politicization and criminalization of immigration, anxiety and denial surrounding climate change, the spread of conspiracy theories and misinformation, and growing support for strongman leaders amid distrust of institutions. At the same time, public policy often succeeds or fails not only because of institutional design or material incentives, but because of how people perceive problems, process information, respond to uncertainty, trust authorities, and make decisions in contexts of scarcity, fear, identity, and social pressure.
These developments make psychological mechanisms central to explaining how different political actors, including voters, politicians, policymakers, party elites, social movements, interest groups, media actors, and bureaucrats, perceive political reality, form judgments, design policies, and make decisions. Political psychology examines how human psychology shapes political life, and how political contexts, institutions, identities, and conflicts shape individual behavior.
This course introduces students to the main theoretical foundations of political psychology and connects them to behavioral public policy. We begin by examining major approaches to political behavior, including rational choice and its behavioral critiques, personality and evolutionary perspectives, emotion, nonverbal behavior, heuristics, and motivated reasoning.
The course then turns to policy applications, exploring how psychological mechanisms shape the design, communication, implementation, and uptake of public policy in areas such as poverty, prejudice and discrimination, climate change, and policymaking bias. Throughout the semester, students will engage classic and recent research, with particular attention to experimental evidence and its relevance for real-world political and policy problems.
The course is designed to help students critically assess empirical studies, compare different explanations of political behavior, and apply behavioral insights to concrete policy challenges.
This course is the first in a two-course sequence on innovation for development in practice. It will focus on institutional reforms and how to leverage innovation to help drive organisational change within international development organisations. The second course will focus on innovation in low and middle-income countries, including the role of innovation in fostering inclusive growth, in efforts to advance locally led development principles and in fostering inclusive innovation ecosystems, among other themes.
The second course builds on the foundations of this course. However, each course stands on its own, and students are welcome to enrol in either course (if they don’t have space in their schedule for both courses).
In this course, students will learn how to frame innovation in the context of development cooperation and practical ways to advance change management within international organizations and government entities.
The course is designed to help students gain a critical conceptual understanding of the practice of innovation in the development cooperation context, obtain skills in change management, and learn the practical application of advancing innovation portfolio management within international development organisations as well as a framework to support organisations build critical capabilities related to innovation and emerging technologies. Students will be exposed to a variety of frameworks, along with case studies and practical exercises. Students will gain an understanding of advancing innovation in development organisations in practice.
Students will explore the relationship between innovation practices and management practices that emerged over the last decade to infuse more flexible and adaptive practices. These include ‘working and thinking politically’, ‘adaptive management’, ‘doing development differently’ and others. These approaches intersect at times with innovation efforts in development organizations.
Case studies drawn from a variety of organizations and countries will anchor frameworks and theoretical content and help provide a greater understanding of the complexities and challenges of advancing development impact and changing business as usual within development organizations.
International migration’s substantial economic and social effects are at the forefront of today’s academic discussion, international debate, as well as national policy strategies. This course introduces students to the key notions, norms, and narratives of international migration from economic, sociological, legal, policy, international relations, and normative perspectives. Students learn about transnational livelihood strategies and channels through which migration and migrants can enhance human development, especially in their countries of origin, while creating better opportunities for themselves and contributing to their communities of destination. This includes in-depth discussions of the determinants, flows, and effects of emigration, immigration, return, financial and social remittances, and diaspora investments. While the course emphasizes economic migration, it also elaborates on the human development impact in specific forced migration and refugee scenarios. Highlighting migration phenomena in different scenarios in the global North, as well as in the global South, the course emphasizes the agency of migrants and gender differences in the experiences and effects, as well as the role their legal status plays. It addresses the root causes of migration and the protection of migrants’ human, social and labor rights. The course also furthers participants’ understanding of the role of technology for human mobility and the policy responses in both, the international and the domestic spheres. To this end, it introduces students to key policies and governance schemes and diaspora engagement institutions, including the role of United Nations agencies and processes. The learning experience culminates in a role-play simulation, in which students discuss and negotiate a revision of the UN Joint Program in Kigoma, Tanzania.
This course provides a foundational understanding of the role of evaluation within international organizations and how it is planned, conducted, and used. International organizations play a key role in supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) implementation that advance the cross-cutting issues of human rights, gender equality and environmental sustainability. Evaluations across the humanitarian, development and peace nexus from the UN system and other international organizations are used as case studies to support students to learn theoretical concepts and build practical skills that will prepare them to commission, manage and conduct evaluations that integrate these cross-cutting issues. More specifically, students will gain an understanding of how evaluation is institutionalized within international organizations, become familiar with key evaluation stakeholders and their roles in the process, and gain exposure to evaluation theories, types, methods, and tools. Students will also gain knowledge of key debates and emerging trends in evaluation related to the role of Artificial Intelligence, impact, decolonization, and the emerging post-2030 agenda. A mix of individual and group assignments have been designed to ground concepts, culminating in the development of an Evaluation Inception Report using a real world evaluation case.
This course will provide students with a framework for historical and current debates on development. It will offer students a basic understanding of what constitutes “development” (ends) and how to promote it (means). The initial lecture presents the broad issue of development trends and the multidisciplinary approach, as seen today through the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015. The subsequent classes then look at classical and contemporary theories of economic development. They will be followed by a critical comparative analysis of development experiences. A series of lectures will then concentrate on institutional issues, social development, and environmental sustainability (climate change).
Enrollment in this course is restricted to students who have officially declared the EPD or D&G concentration, as reflected in their Stellic profile. If space allows, enrollment may be extended to non-EPD students at a later date.
This course aims at familiarizing students with historical and contemporary debates on Latin American economic development and its social effects. The focus of the course is comparative in perspective. Most of the readings deal, therefore, with Latin America as a region, not with individual countries.
The first five classes are historical. After an initial overview of long-term historical trends and debates on institutional development in Latin America, we consider the four distinctive periods of economic development: the “lost decades” after independence, the export age from the late nineteenth century to 1929, the era of state-led industrialization, and the recent period of market reforms. The last topic should be viewed as an introduction to the second part of the course, which deals with major contemporary issues: macroeconomic management, trade policies, production sector trends and policies, income distribution and social policy. The course will end with a session on the effects of recent crises on Latin America (Covid-19 and the 2022-23 world crisis), and the ongoing debate on the region’s future economic and social development.
How do the world’s poorest people save money without access to banks or credit? This course explores the power of informal savings systems, such as tandas in Mexico, susus in West Africa, and dhikutis in Nepal, that help hundreds of millions build financial stability through trust, discipline, and community support.
We will start with grassroots savings groups (often called Revolving Savings and Credit Associations or ROSCAs) and examine how they function across cultures. Then we will explore how the social capital that makes ROSCAs successful also underpins newer approaches such as savings groups and self-help groups that generate savings for village women.
We then turn our attention to cash transfers and remittances that inject capital into poor families and communities.
Later, we discuss the strengths and limitations of institutional financial inclusion, including microfinance, mobile banking, and fintech. The course also features presentations by leaders in soil-building subsistence agriculture and systems for measuring and tracking poverty.
In the course, students also learn how to design initiatives that effectively deliver services to the bottom of the economic pyramid, including setting goals, choosing the most appropriate methodology, staffing, budgeting, and monitoring, and evaluating outcomes.
The class is taught by a pioneer in the field of microcredit and savings whose work has shaped global thinking on financial inclusion and poverty reduction.
Students do not need technical or financial background to take this course, only a large dose of curiosity and a willingness to explore alternatives.
The international development landscape is being reshaped by skeptical policymakers at home and partner countries – both of whom increasingly see the need to adopt new approaches. This course examines several cases of successful innovation in development finance — not to recycle those models, but to identify patterns of what makes innovation work, so the next generation of policymakers can reshape the field as conditions demand.
Through looking at several case studies, notably the International Finance Facility for Immunization (IFFIm), the Advanced Market Commitment (AMC) and disaster risk insurance pools, we will identify some of the factors for success and failure. Students will experiment with developing new ideas through practical application.
The instructor will draw on personal experience in global health and education financing. Guest speakers will provide practitioner perspectives on what works, what doesn’t, and why.
By the end of the course, students will develop their own innovative proposal to address a current development challenge and present it as a pitch to a hypothetical CEO, applying lessons learned from historical cases to contemporary problems.
This course explores the foundational and advanced dimensions of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), alongside relevant aspects of International Human Rights Law (IHRL) as they apply to situations of armed conflict. Designed for students interested in the legal regulation of contemporary warfare, the course focuses on providing the conceptual and practical tools to identify, interpret, and apply international legal norms in real-world conflict situations. It examines the mechanisms through which legal rules are developed, implemented, and enforced, including the role of international courts and tribunals in addressing violations.
Case studies drawn from recent and ongoing conflicts—such as in Ukraine, Gaza, Ethiopia, Congo, Syria, Yemen, and Myanmar—serve as the backbone of the course’s analytical approach. These are methodically examined through a case analysis framework developed specifically for this course, enabling students to break down humanitarian crises into legally relevant components and formulate appropriate responses grounded in IHL and IHRL.
This analytical work is complemented by a focused introduction to the core principles of international criminal law, including the structure and substance of landmark war crimes cases. Students will engage with the legal elements of crimes such as willful killing, torture, attacks on civilians, and the use of prohibited methods of warfare, drawing on key jurisprudence from international tribunals and courts.
The course supports the development of legal reasoning, critical thinking, and research skills. Students will learn to articulate law-based, action-oriented proposals and define key legal questions relevant for academic work and professional practice—whether in international organizations, the media, or humanitarian institutions. By the end of the semester, participants will have a solid understanding of IHL’s core principles, terminology, and legal architecture, and will be equipped to navigate and respond to the complex legal challenges presented by modern armed conflict.
Key issues discussed include the legal protection of internees, prisoners, and hostages under the Geneva Conventions; the erosion of civilian protection in asymmetric warfare, especially where individuals participate directly in hostilities or are used as human shields; the regulation of indiscriminate attacks and destruction of civilian infrastructure, including the legal implications of missiles, drones, autonomo
In many parts of the world, humanitarian actors cannot successfully alleviate and prevent the suffering of people living in areas affected by armed conflict without engaging with armed groups. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) estimates that there are over 450 armed groups of humanitarian concern worldwide, over 130 of which are parties to a non-international armed conflict. Africa accounts for over 40% of these groups, with about 20% in each of the Near and Middle East (NAME), the Americas, and in the Asia and Pacific. In 2024, the global population living in areas fully controlled or contested by armed groups is estimated by the ICRC to have increased to 210 million people, with 83 million living in areas fully controlled by armed groups, up by 19 million from 2023.
Many armed groups that control territory provide a degree of services and governance structures in areas they control, including health care, education, taxation, public utilities, justice/dispute resolution, security and taxation. However, the basic needs of the population in areas controlled by many armed groups are often not fully met. Humanitarian access, and dialogue on protection and assistance matters with such armed groups is an important part of humanitarian action worldwide.
The last 30 years, however, have made these aspirations more difficult, as a multiplicity of armed conflicts and different types of non-state actors have emerged, posing significant challenges on the ability of humanitarian workers to effectively engage with belligerents, and hindering their access to these individuals. The lack of separation between those actively participating in conflict and those who do not have particularly made it difficult for external actors to identify who, when and how to engage on humanitarian issues, together with the level of engagement and the timing of such interactions. Additional existing inquiries relate to the strategies set in place for effective engagement: who should be in the lead of humanitarian engagements on the ground? And how can the humanitarian community best assist and increase the protection of civilians in areas controlled by entities designated as terrorist, or in fragile States?
This class will examine these inquiries, together with the parameters of engagement with a range of actors- from peacekeepers to formal armies to paramilitary groups and designated entities to community and religious leaders to determine what legal and moral bases exist for en
In the 21st century, armed conflict continues to put millions of children in harm’s way, exposing them to human rights violations, including recruitment and use by armed forces and armed groups, military detention and ill-treatment, rape and other forms of sexual violence, forced displacement, family separation, and physical injuries. Children also suffer from trauma and other serious and long-lasting psychological consequences resulting from the violence they have experienced. In addition to these direct violations, children are equally affected by indirect violations of their rights, including attacks on schools and hospitals and the denial of humanitarian access.
In this course, students will examine the international legal framework for the protection of children in armed conflict and the international humanitarian response system designed to assist affected children and address their physical and psychosocial needs. Students will critically assess these mechanisms for their efficacy and continued relevance for protecting children during war.
Whilst the global number of people living in poverty has significantly decreased over the last decades, there is an increasing number of severe and protracted humanitarian emergencies, caused by conflict, governance failures, climate change, and man-made disasters. These challenges are compounded by recent changes in geopolitical strategies and policies, which already have profound immediate and will have long-term impact on reducing extreme poverty, resolving conflicts, and making the Sustainable Development Goals increasingly elusive..
There has been growing acceptance among the international aid community that these problems can only be addressed through a combination of tools – humanitarian, development, and peace initiatives – that require new governance, financing, and coordination mechanisms. This approach emphasizes that for sustainable improvements, temporary solutions must be part of a broader vision that not only saves lives in the short term but also addresses the systemic issues affecting stability and development in the long run.
The benefits of the Nexus approach include greater coherence among the three sectors and reduced fragmentation among the various actors working in conflict-affected areas. Additionally, it improves effectiveness through coordination across sectors, ensuring that immediate relief efforts transition smoothly into longer-term recovery and peace initiatives. This approach also helps mitigate the risk of renewed crisis and fosters comprehensive disaster risk reduction by addressing not only the symptoms but also to address the root causes of protracted conflicts.
This “search for coherence” is not new and raises important questions about ethics and fundamental principles in humanitarian action, the nature of conflicts and protracted emergencies, and how different spheres of action interact to balance the immediate urgency of humanitarian needs with longer-term development and peace objectives, as well as to navigate complex political environments where external interventions may be met with suspicion and politicized.
This course provides students with a critical perspective on these issues, looking at core concepts and definitions, historical trends, theoretical debates, and the current policy and practice landscape. The course will also provide a practitioner’s perspective on many of the issues, through case study examples, the participation of guest speakers, and an opportunity for students
A surge in violent conflict since 2010 has led to historically high levels of forced displacement. More recently, the war in Ukraine has caused the fastest-growing refugee crisis in Europe since the end of World War II. Globally, there are
more than 100 million forcibly displaced people
including refugees, internally displaced persons and asylum seekers who have fled their homes to escape violence, conflict and persecution.
The majority of the world's refugees come from just a handful of countries, with Syria, Venezuela, Afghanistan, South Sudan, Ukraine and Myanmar being among the top countries of origin. These refugees often seek safety in neighboring countries, but many also attempt to make the dangerous journey to Europe or other parts of the world. In recent years, an upsurge of mixed migration has posed enormous practical, but also ethical and legal questions to host governments and aid organizations: in today’s world, what distinguishes a refugee from a migrant? And how does their ensuing treatment differ? Climate displacement, which is growing exponentially outside any normative framework, adds to the complexity of how to address the needs and rights of the displaced globally.
Internal displacement is also a major issue, with people being forced to flee their homes due to conflict, violence, natural disasters, and other factors. IDPs often face similar challenges to refugees, such as lack of access to basic needs like food, water, and healthcare, as well as limited opportunities for education and employment.
The course will allow students to examine the history, norms, principles, actors and governance related to forced displacement to assess with a critical lens whether the system is set up to respond to what forced displacement is today, with all its complexities. Through a combination of thematic sessions and case studies, it will provide an overview of the typologies of displacement, the different initiatives and durable solutions pursued, as well as the remaining questions the international normative and assistance system has to answer.
This course examines Latin American law through a socio-legal lens, analyzing how formal legal texts are actually practiced, adapted, or resisted by various social actors. Drawing on Law and Society scholarship, legal realism, and critical legal traditions, the course investigates different factors shaping law's effectiveness and its potential for social transformation.
The first section explores foundational questions about legal obedience, judicial power, legal pluralism, and the gap between law in the books and law in action. The second section applies these frameworks to specific Latin American problems, including access to justice and legal mobilization around social rights.
Students will engage with theoretical and empirical texts, films, and podcasts while developing their own socio-legal research projects on topics such as health rights, antidiscrimination movements, anti-corruption initiatives, or accountability for atrocity crimes.
By combining interdisciplinary perspectives from law and the social sciences with practical illustrations, the course explores the challenges and possibilities of using law as an instrument for social change in Latin America.
This highly participatory course equips students with the tools and frameworks to negotiate effectively, resolve conflict, and build consensus in public and international affairs contexts. Through simulations, students learn to navigate a range of scenarios, including environmental disputes, diplomatic negotiations, and organizational conflicts, using both distributive and interest-based strategies. Core topics include preparation and strategy, cross-cultural communication, power dynamics, consensus building, and coalition management. Students will also explore measures of negotiation success and practice applying concepts to real-world challenges. The course emphasizes experiential learning, reflective writing, and practical skill-building to prepare students for high-stakes negotiations in diverse professional settings.
The seminar explores how political and legal philosophers, as well as leaders of political movements and established states, envision international order. It asks and critically assesses how they imagine international politics
is
governed and how it
should be
governed.
It begins with a reexamination of major Northern/Western traditions in international jurisprudence and political theory as seen through the eyes of classical and modern political leaders and philosophers. It covers Realism, Liberalism, Socialism, and Fascism. It then broadens the lens to include thinkers from the global South, including Nehru, Senghor, and Biko, and explores how they have addressed the challenges of post-colonialism. In considering their international orders, we will discuss their insights into the connections among issues of order and justice, identity and legitimacy, peace and war, cooperation and conflict, intervention and independence and international equality and inequality. We conclude with a discussion of Cosmopolitanism and Rawls’
Law of Peoples
.
This is the first of a two-course sequence for second-year students concentrating in Development and Governance (D&G), formerly Economic and Political Development (EPD). The second course is the Workshop in Sustainable Development Practice. These courses are integrated into a year-long encounter with the applied practice of sustainable development, guided by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
In this course, students will learn how to design, plan, implement, monitor, and evaluate development interventions by mastering the fundamental aspects of program management for development. The course is designed to help students develop a critical understanding of some of the key frameworks, tools, and approaches used by organizations in the field of development practice, and to encourage students to use these methods in an ethical and discerning manner, by recognizing their limitations and implicit assumptions while identifying areas for innovation. Students will also come to appreciate the influence that methodology can have on the prioritization of sustainable development goals and the application of development strategies. Development practice, after all, is inherently political. Over the last few decades, the field of sustainable development has changed dramatically as development practitioners increasingly perceive themselves less as knowledge experts – delivering top-down transfers of technical expertise and resources to beneficiaries – and more as knowledge facilitators, recognizing the importance of evidence-based decision-making, local ownership and accountability, and participation of poor and marginalized groups as citizens and partners. However, this transition has been uneven, and externally-driven, top-down approaches and policies persist. Development practitioners, therefore, need to be continually aware of the values, assumptions, and biases that they bring to their work and that are implicit in the resources, approaches, and tools they use.
This course also seeks to illustrate the application of theories and concepts introduced in other D&G core courses, and to highlight some of the political, practical, and ethical issues and challenges facing development practitioners working in low- and middle-income countries, especially in the context of recent drastic cuts in official development assistance (ODA). While the course considers both quantitative and qualitative methods, the emphasis is on widely-used pro
This is the first of a two-course sequence for second-year students concentrating in Development and Governance (D&G), formerly Economic and Political Development (EPD). The second course is the Workshop in Sustainable Development Practice. These courses are integrated into a year-long encounter with the applied practice of sustainable development, guided by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
In this course, students will learn how to design, plan, implement, monitor, and evaluate development interventions by mastering the fundamental aspects of program management for development. The course is designed to help students develop a critical understanding of some of the key frameworks, tools, and approaches used by organizations in the field of development practice, and to encourage students to use these methods in an ethical and discerning manner, by recognizing their limitations and implicit assumptions while identifying areas for innovation. Students will also come to appreciate the influence that methodology can have on the prioritization of sustainable development goals and the application of development strategies. Development practice, after all, is inherently political. Over the last few decades, the field of sustainable development has changed dramatically as development practitioners increasingly perceive themselves less as knowledge experts – delivering top-down transfers of technical expertise and resources to beneficiaries – and more as knowledge facilitators, recognizing the importance of evidence-based decision-making, local ownership and accountability, and participation of poor and marginalized groups as citizens and partners. However, this transition has been uneven, and externally-driven, top-down approaches and policies persist. Development practitioners, therefore, need to be continually aware of the values, assumptions, and biases that they bring to their work and that are implicit in the resources, approaches, and tools they use.
This course also seeks to illustrate the application of theories and concepts introduced in other D&G core courses, and to highlight some of the political, practical, and ethical issues and challenges facing development practitioners working in low- and middle-income countries, especially in the context of recent drastic cuts in official development assistance (ODA). While the course considers both quantitative and qualitative methods, the emphasis is on widely-used pro