This course, designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of East Asian Studies, Religion, and Art History, examines the principal modes, media, and contexts of visual culture in Japanese Buddhist history. The course is not designed as a survey of Japanese Buddhist art either in terms of media or chronology but rather an exploration, through the analysis of selected case studies, of the modalities of perception, materiality, and reception that distinguish the form and function of visual media in Japanese Buddhist contexts. Students are expected to have completed preliminary coursework in relevant areas of East Asian history, religion, or art history. The course is organized around selected objects in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and will include meetings at the Met for viewing and analysis of objects in the galleries and in storage.
Prerequisites: PHYS GU4021 or the equivalent. Thermodynamics, kinetic theory, and methods of statistical mechanics; energy and entropy; Boltzmann, Fermi, and Bose distributions; ideal and real gases; blackbody radiation; chemical equilibrium; phase transitions; ferromagnetism.
Prerequisites: (PHYS GU4021 and PHYS GU4022) In this course, we will learn how the concepts of quantum mechanics are applied to real physical systems, and how they enable novel applications in quantum optics and quantum information. We will start with microscopic, elementary quantum systems – electrons, atoms, and ions - and understand how light interacts with atoms. Equipped with these foundations, we will discuss fundamental quantum applications, such as atomic clocks, laser cooling and ultracold quantum gases - a synthetic form of matter, cooled down to just a sliver above absolute zero temperature. This leads us to manybody quantum systems. We will introduce the quantum physics of insulating and metallic behavior, superfluidity and quantum magnetism – and demonstrate how the corresponding concepts apply both to real condensed matter systems and ultracold quantum gases. The course will conclude with a discussion of the basics of quantum information science - bringing us to the forefront of today’s quantum applications.
Prerequisites: three terms of calculus and linear algebra or four terms of calculus. Prerequisite: three terms of calculus and linear algebra or four terms of calculus. Fourier series and integrals, discrete analogues, inversion and Poisson summation formulae, convolution. Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Stress on the application of Fourier analysis to a wide range of disciplines.
Prerequisites: genetics or molecular biology. The course covers techniques currently used to explore and manipulate gene function and their applications in medicine and the environment. Part I covers key laboratory manipulations, including DNA cloning, gene characterization, association of genes with disease, and methods for studying gene regulation and activities of gene products. Part II also covers commercial applications, and includes animal cell culture, production of recombinant proteins, novel diagnostics, high throughput screening, and environmental biosensors.
Systems biology approaches are rapidly transforming the technological and conceptual foundations of research across diverse areas of biomedicine. In this course we will discuss the fundamental developments in systems biology with a focus on two important dimensions: (1) the unique conceptual frameworks that have emerged to study systems-level phenomena and (2) how these approaches are revealing fundamentally new principles that govern the organization and behavior of cellular systems. Although there will be much discussion of technologies and computational approaches, the course will emphasize the conceptual contributions of the field and the big questions that lie ahead. Lectures and discussions of primary literature will enable students to scrutinize research in the field and to internalize systems biology thinking in their own research. To make this a concrete endeavor, the students will develop mini-NIH-style grant proposals that aims to study a fundamental problem/question using systems biology approaches. The students will then convene an in-class NIH-style review panel that will assess the strengths and weaknesses of these proposals. In addition, the students will have the opportunity to defend their proposals in a live presentation to the class. The course is open to graduate students in Biological Sciences. Advanced undergraduates in biological sciences, and other graduate students with background in biology from other disciplines, including physics, chemistry, computer science, and engineering may also attend after consulting with the instructor.
Poets, Rebels, Exiles examines the successive generations of the most provocative and influential Russian and Russian Jewish writers and artists who brought the cataclysm of the Soviet and post-Soviet century to North America. From Joseph Brodsky—the bad boy bard of Soviet Russia and a protégé of Anna Akhmatova, who served 18 months of hard labor near the North Pole for social parasitism before being exiled—to the most recent artistic descendants, this course will interrogate diaspora, memory, and nostalgia in the cultural production of immigrants and exiles.
This course is intended for graduate students or senior undergraduates interested in an introduction to state-of-the-art computational and systems biology. The course will illustrate the cycle of biology to bytes to biology using computational and systems biology approaches. It will cover various types of state-of-the-art techniques and data modalities used to measure cells and biological systems, as well as methods and software tools used for analysis and visualization of the resulting high-throughput data. The course includes a weekly lecture in addition to either a lab or a journal club. Labs are intended to support course projects and assignments and are optional with instructor approval.
Developing features - internal representations of the world, artificial neural networks, classifying handwritten digits with logistics regression, feedforward deep networks, back propagation in multilayer perceptrons, regularization of deep or distributed models, optimization for training deep models, convolutional neural networks, recurrent and recursive neural networks, deep learning in speech and object recognition.
Prerequisites: MATH UN1102 and MATH UN1202 and MATH UN2010 or the equivalent. The second term of this course may not be taken without the first. Groups, homomorphisms, normal subgroups, the isomorphism theorems, symmetric groups, group actions, the Sylow theorems, finitely generated abelian groups.
Prerequisites: MATH UN1102 and MATH UN1202 and MATH UN2010 or the equivalent. The second term of this course may not be taken without the first. Rings, homomorphisms, ideals, integral and Euclidean domains, the division algorithm, principal ideal and unique factorization domains, fields, algebraic and transcendental extensions, splitting fields, finite fields, Galois theory.
Participants may elect to enroll in the 1-credit CWI independent study offered through the Sociology Department. CWI takes place Thursdays from 2-4pm in Knox Hall, room 509. The course ID for Fall 2025 is SOCI4043GU.
The Center for Wealth and Inequality (CWI), in this course, is a forum for students interested in social science topics broadly related to inequality. In particular, it will provide an opportunity for students to read and discuss the works presented in the weekly CWI seminar series, while also sharing and refining their own works in progress. The CWI seminar series is sponsored by Columbia University’s Institute for Social and Economic Research Policy (ISERP) and is devoted to the investigation of social and economic inequality. The seminar invites speakers from both within and outside of Columbia to present recent papers covering a wide range of topics pertaining to inequality, such as poverty, labor market behavior, education, and the family. The research topics and methodologies are at the cutting edge of the interdisciplinary study of wealth and inequality, as the CWI seminar invites speakers from multiple social science disciplines and fields. Past speakers include Annette Lareau, Adam Gamoran, Timothy Smeeding, Lisa Kahn, Mario Small, Rob Warren and Florencia Torche, among numerous others.
The primary preparation for these gatherings is to read the papers slated for presentation, whether written by an outside speaker or a student within the course. Students will meet to constructively critique these papers collectively, raising key questions and concepts for discussion and debate. One student will serve as the discussion leader each week by kicking off the dialogue. This student also will have the opportunity to prepare a review of the paper, if desired. When discussing CWI seminar papers, the product of each meeting will be a shortlist of pertinent questions for the visiting speaker, which participants will be encouraged to ask during the Q&A following each seminar. When focusing on student papers, participants will provide detailed comments geared towards supporting further development of our peers’ work. We regularly will be joined by the CWI presenters.
The spirit behind the student independent study is one of collective student growth and learning through semi-structured discussion. While the course will pose a relatively
Prerequisites: MATH UN2010 and MATH GU4041 or the equivalent. Finite groups acting on finite sets and finite dimensional vector spaces. Group characters. Relations with subgroups and factor groups. Arithmetic properties of character values. Applications to the theory of finite groups: Frobenius groups, Hall subgroups and solvable groups. Characters of the symmetric groups. Spherical functions on finite groups.
We are entering a new age of creativity, where generative AI is transforming how artists and creators work. This course invites undergraduate and graduate students at Columbia's School of the Arts to explore the powerful intersection of AI and creative practice. Through hands-on experimentation with AI tools—ranging from large language models (LLMs) to image and video generators—students will unlock new creative potential across ideation, visual development, and storytelling.
The course emphasizes how AI can augment existing creative methods, from generating ideas and developing personas to blending AI with traditional storytelling techniques. Students will also critically engage with the ethical implications of using AI in art. Culminating in a speculative design project, this course prepares students to envision and prototype the future of creative practice, where AI becomes a true collaborator in the artistic process.
Prerequisites: Course Cap 20 students. Priority given to graduate students in the natural sciences and engineering. Advanced level undergraduates may be admitted with the instructors permission. Calculus I and Physics I & II are required for undergraduates who wish to take this course. General introduction to fundamentals of remote sensing; electromagnetic radiation, sensors, interpretation, quantitative image analysis and modeling. Example applications in the Earth and environmental sciences are explored through the analysis of remote sensing imagery in a state-or-the-art visualization laboratory.
Intensive study of a philosophical issue or topic, or of a philosopher, group of philosophers, or philosophical school or movement. Open only to Barnard senior philosophy majors.
Prerequisites: (MATH UN1202 and MATH UN2010) and rudiments of group theory (e.g. MATH GU4041). MATH UN1208 or MATH GU4061 is recommended, but not required. Metric spaces, continuity, compactness, quotient spaces. The fundamental group of topological space. Examples from knot theory and surfaces. Covering spaces.
A substantial paper, developing from an Autumn workshop and continuing in the Spring under the direction of an individual advisor. Open only to Barnard senior philosophy majors.
This course presents and examines post-Soviet Ukrainian literature. Students will learn about the significant achievements, names, events, scandals and polemics in contemporary Ukrainian literature and will see how they have contributed to Ukraine’s post-Soviet identity. Students will examine how Ukrainian literature became an important site for experimentation with language, for providing feminist perspectives, for engaging previously-banned taboos and for deconstructing Soviet and Ukrainian national myths. Among the writers to be focused on in the course are Serhiy Zhadan, Yuri Andrukhovych, Oksana Zabuzhko and Taras Prokhasko. Centered on the most important successes in literature, the course will also explore key developments in music and visual art of this period. Special focus will be given to how the 2013/2014 Euromaidan revolution and war are treated in today’s literature. By also studying Ukrainian literature with regards to its relationship with Ukraine’s changing political life, students will obtain a good understanding of the dynamics of today’s Ukraine and the development of Ukrainians as a nation in the 21st century. The course will be complemented by audio and video presentations. Entirely in English with a parallel reading list for those who read Ukrainian.
Enrollment limited to 12 students. Mechatronics is the application of electronics and microcomputers to control mechanical systems. Systems explored include on/off systems, solenoids, stepper motors, DC motors, thermal systems, magnetic levitation. Use of analog and digital electronics and various sensors for control. Programming microcomputers in Assembly and C. Lab required.
Introduction to computational biology with emphasis on genomic data science tools and methodologies for analyzing data, such as genomic sequences, gene expression measurements and the presence of mutations. Applications of machine learning and exploratory data analysis for predicting drug response and disease progression. Latest technologies related to genomic information, such as single-cell sequencing and CRISPR, and the contributions of genomic data science to the drug development process.
Prerequisites: MATH UN1202 or the equivalent, and MATH UN2010. The second term of this course may not be taken without the first. Real numbers, metric spaces, elements of general topology, sequences and series, continuity, differentiation, integration, uniform convergence, Ascoli-Arzela theorem, Stone-Weierstrass theorem.
Prerequisites: MATH UN1202 or the equivalent, and MATH UN2010. The second term of this course may not be taken without the first. Real numbers, metric spaces, elements of general topology, sequences and series, continuity, differentiation, integration, uniform convergence, Ascoli-Arzela theorem, Stone-Weierstrass theorem.
This course introduces you to the rich and diverse tradition of Chinese art by focusing on materials and techniques. We will discuss a wide array of artistic media situated in distinct cultural contexts, examining bronzes, jade, ceramics, paintings, sculptures, and textiles in the imperial, aristocratic, literary, religious, and commercial milieus in which they were produced. In addition to developing your skills in visual-material analysis, this course will also acquaint you with the diverse cultures that developed in China’s center and periphery during its five thousand (plus) years of history. Emphasis will be placed on understanding how native artistic traditions in China interacted with those in regions such as the Mongolian steppe, Tibetan plateau, and Central Asia.
The second term of this course may not be taken without the first. Power series, analytic functions, Implicit function theorem, Fubini theorem, change of variables formula, Lebesgue measure and integration, function spaces.
This seminar will examine the concept of cultural heritage as a body of goods, tangible and intangible, that come to us from the past - sometimes from antiquity, sometimes from more recent historical periods - and for which we are responsible for the present and future generations. The environment is an important part of cultural heritage too, with nature and its peculiar beauties. Similarly, practices, traditions, crafts and customs are a crucial component of cultural heritage. Over time, cultural heritage has become an increasingly broad and complex category: experts, scientists and professionals involved continue to multiply, and the disciplines continue to specialize. Even the very concept of cultural heritage is quite dynamic and frequently modified and reinterpreted. Based on an anthropological perspective and within the framework of a cultural heritage considered among the most valuable in the arts, both visual and literary, Italy’s artistic, archaeological, library and archival treasures will be a regular source of analysis and discussion. This course will examine ways in which we can understand cultural heritage through the intersections of several components: identity, nationalism, colonialism, ethnicity, gender, and religion, just to mention a few. Students will take into account several elements: how regional and international agencies and policies operate and interact with each other, the many threats to cultural heritage (wars and conflicts, natural disasters, climate change, illicit trafficking, and some forms of tourism), and the role of sustainability. The course will encourage students to acquire analytical reasoning and critical thinking, through a combination of textual and visual interpretation and class discussion. There are no pre-requisites for this course.
In English
Study ecology, evolution, and conservation biology in one of the world’s most biologically spectacular settings, the wildlife-rich savannas of Kenya. Although we will meet have a few meetings during the fall semester, the majority of the coursework will be completed during a 16 day field trip to Kenya during winter break. Students will spend their time immersed in an intensive field experience gaining sophisticated training in fieldwork and biological research. Note that there is a lab fee to cover all in-country expenses, and students are also responsible for the cost of airfare to and from Kenya.
Prerequisites: (MATH UN1207 and MATH UN1208) or MATH GU4061 A theoretical introduction to analytic functions. Holomorphic functions, harmonic functions, power series, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy's integral formula, poles, Laurent series, residue theorem. Other topics as time permits: elliptic functions, the gamma and zeta function, the Riemann mapping theorem, Riemann surfaces, Nevanlinna theory.
This course integrates the principles of database systems, AI agents, and health informatics. Students will gain expertise in the following areas:
Multimodal Data Engineering:
Ingesting, cleaning, and normalizing heterogeneous data (time-series sensor data, unstructured clinical notes, structured FHIR records)
Agentic Architectures:
Designing LLM-based agents capable of tool use (function calling), planning, and memory management (LangChain, LlamaIndex).
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG):
Implementing vector databases and semantic search strategies optimized for personal health contexts.
Privacy and Ethics:
Understanding HIPAA compliance, differential privacy, and the ethical implications of AI "hallucinations" in health advice.
HCI for Health:
Designing applications and interfaces that foster trust, explainability, and engagement in self-tracking and patient-provider communication.
Domain Knowledge:
Understanding the basics of chronic disease management, personal health monitoring, and clinical decision support.
Prerequisites: (CHEM UN1403 and CHEM UN1404) or (CHEM UN1604) or (CHEM UN2045 and CHEM UN2046) , or the equivalent. Principles governing the structure and reactivity of inorganic compounds surveyed from experimental and theoretical viewpoints. Topics include inorganic solids, aqueous and nonaqueous solutions, the chemistry of selected main group elements, transition metal chemistry, metal clusters, metal carbonyls, and organometallic chemistry, bonding and resonance, symmetry and molecular orbitals, and spectroscopy.
Prerequisites: Two semesters of a rigorous, molecularly-oriented, introductory biology course, such as UN2005 (
Inc.,
Biochemistry of DNA & Proteins, basic Genetics, Metabolism & Cell Physiology
) and UN2006 (
Cell biology, inc. intra-cellular transport, phagocytosis, protein regulation, as well as Inter-cellular communication, inc., cell-cell contact, receptors/ligands & transporters
). This course will cover the integration of innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as how immune response contributes to health and disease (
e.g., Infectious disease, allergies, autoimmunity, immune deficiencies, the microbiome and cancer immunotherapy
). Students will also become familiar with important immunological methods, which will provide an opportunity to explore some of the current literature. Sophomores will require permission from their advisor to enroll, and graduate student will require the instructor’s permission to enroll. SPS, Barnard, and TC students may register for this course with the instructor’s approval on a Registration Adjustment Form (Add/Drop form), which can be downloaded (
http://registrar.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/content/reg-adjustment.pdf
) and then returned to the office of the registrar.
The course looks at works produced in the more than 20 countries that make up Latin America. Our investigations will take us from the Southern Cone nations of South America, up through Central American and the Caribbean, to Mexico to the north. We will cover styles from the colonial influences present in post-independence art of the early 19th century, to installation art found at the beginning of the 21st century. Along the way we will consider such topics as, the relationship of colonial style and academic training to forging an independent artistic identity; the emergence and establishment of a modern canon; experimentations in surrealism, neo-concretism, conceptual art, and performance. We will end the course with a consideration of Latinx artists working in the U.S.
While focusing on the Decameron, this course follows the arc of Boccaccios career from the Ninfale Fiesolano, through the Decameron, and concluding with the Corbaccio, using the treatment of women as the connective thread. The Decameron is read in the light of its cultural density and contextualized in terms of its antecedents, both classical and vernacular, and of its intertexts, especially Dantes Commedia, with particular attention to Boccaccios masterful exploitation of narrative as a means for undercutting all absolute certainty. Lectures in English; text in Italian, although comparative literature students who can follow with the help of translations are welcome.
While focusing on the Decameron, this course follows the arc of Boccaccios career from the Ninfale Fiesolano, through the Decameron, and concluding with the Corbaccio, using the treatment of women as the connective thread. The Decameron is read in the light of its cultural density and contextualized in terms of its antecedents, both classical and vernacular, and of its intertexts, especially Dantes Commedia, with particular attention to Boccaccios masterful exploitation of narrative as a means for undercutting all absolute certainty. Lectures in English; text in Italian, although comparative literature students who can follow with the help of translations are welcome.
Please refer to Institute for African American and African Diaspora Studies Department for section-by-section course descriptions.
“Quand on refuse, on dit non”, said Ivorian novelist Ahmadou Kourouma towards the end of his life. Taking this stance as a starting point, this seminar will explore, through the lens of the novel, major political upheavals in the Francophone world during the 1950s, 60s and 70s. We will shed light on the history of decolonization, May 68, the feminist movement, and struggles against racism and injustice by delving into the imaginary worlds of six leading francophone novelists: Marguerite Duras, Ahmadou Kourouma, Assia Djebar, Hélène Cixous, George Perec and Édouard Glissant.
Prerequisite: open to public. Presentations by medical informatics faculty and invited international speakers in medical informatics, computer science, nursing informatics, library science, and related fields.
Elementary introduction to fundamental concepts and techniques in classical analysis; applications of such techniques in different topics in applied mathematics. Brief review of essential concepts and techniques in elementary analysis; elementary properties of metric and normed spaces; completeness, compactness, and their consequences; continuous functions and their properties; Contracting Mapping Theorem and its applications; elementary properties of Hilbert and Banach spaces; bounded linear operators in Hilbert spaces; Fourier series and their applications.
Elementary introduction to fundamental concepts and techniques in classical analysis; applications of such techniques in different topics in applied mathematics. Brief review of essential concepts and techniques in elementary analysis; elementary properties of metric and normed spaces; completeness, compactness, and their consequences; continuous functions and their properties; Contracting Mapping Theorem and its applications; elementary properties of Hilbert and Banach spaces; bounded linear operators in Hilbert spaces; Fourier series and their applications.
Basic theory of quantum mechanics, well and barrier problems, the harmonic oscillator, angular momentum identical particles, quantum statistics, perturbation theory and applications to the quantum physics of atoms, molecules, and solids.
Basic theory of quantum mechanics, well and barrier problems, the harmonic oscillator, angular momentum identical particles, quantum statistics, perturbation theory and applications to the quantum physics of atoms, molecules, and solids.
Foundational for the Master of Science in Earth and Environmental Engineering degree. Provides broader understanding of engineering tools critical/ essential to success in large-scale, engineering projects. Divided into two parts: Module on global/regional flows, and systems approach, and Module on Engineering Principles in Earth & Environmental Engineering. Guest lectures on several topics will be provided.
In revisiting two major authors of the Italian modern novel, the course investigates the relation between fiction and the conditions of modernity (personal risk, anxiety and lack of control on reality, secularization, to name a few). Special attention will be paid to the response of the novelistic discourse to modernity, and to Italy's peculiarly peripheral position in the modern world. Primary texts will be read in Italian, while theoretical references will be in English.
A first course on crystallography. Crystal symmetry, Bravais lattices, point groups, space groups. Diffraction and diffracted intensities. Exposition of typical crystal structures in engineering materials, including metals, ceramics, and semiconductors. Crystalline anisotropy.
This course will begin by clearly defining what sustainability management is and determining if a sustainable economy is actually feasible. Students will learn to connect environmental protection to organizational management by exploring the technical, financial, managerial, and political challenges of effectively managing a sustainable environment and economy. This course is taught in a case-based format and will seek to help students learn the basics of management, environmental policy and sustainability economics. Sustainability management matters because we only have one planet, and we must learn how to manage our organizations in a way that ensures that the health of our planet can be maintained and bettered. This course is designed to introduce students to the field of sustainability management. It is not an academic course that reviews the literature of the field and discusses how scholars thing about the management of organizations that are environmentally sound. It is a practical course organized around the core concepts of sustainability.
This course will begin by clearly defining what sustainability management is and determining if a sustainable economy is actually feasible. Students will learn to connect environmental protection to organizational management by exploring the technical, financial, managerial, and political challenges of effectively managing a sustainable environment and economy. This course is taught in a case-based format and will seek to help students learn the basics of management, environmental policy and sustainability economics. Sustainability management matters because we only have one planet, and we must learn how to manage our organizations in a way that ensures that the health of our planet can be maintained and bettered. This course is designed to introduce students to the field of sustainability management. It is not an academic course that reviews the literature of the field and discusses how scholars thing about the management of organizations that are environmentally sound. It is a practical course organized around the core concepts of sustainability.
This course will begin by clearly defining what sustainability management is and determining if a sustainable economy is actually feasible. Students will learn to connect environmental protection to organizational management by exploring the technical, financial, managerial, and political challenges of effectively managing a sustainable environment and economy. This course is taught in a case-based format and will seek to help students learn the basics of management, environmental policy and sustainability economics. Sustainability management matters because we only have one planet, and we must learn how to manage our organizations in a way that ensures that the health of our planet can be maintained and bettered. This course is designed to introduce students to the field of sustainability management. It is not an academic course that reviews the literature of the field and discusses how scholars thing about the management of organizations that are environmentally sound. It is a practical course organized around the core concepts of sustainability.
This course will begin by clearly defining what sustainability management is and determining if a sustainable economy is actually feasible. Students will learn to connect environmental protection to organizational management by exploring the technical, financial, managerial, and political challenges of effectively managing a sustainable environment and economy. This course is taught in a case-based format and will seek to help students learn the basics of management, environmental policy and sustainability economics. Sustainability management matters because we only have one planet, and we must learn how to manage our organizations in a way that ensures that the health of our planet can be maintained and bettered. This course is designed to introduce students to the field of sustainability management. It is not an academic course that reviews the literature of the field and discusses how scholars thing about the management of organizations that are environmentally sound. It is a practical course organized around the core concepts of sustainability.
Basic probability theory, including independence and conditioning, discrete and continuous random variable, law of large numbers, central limit theorem, and stochastic simulation, basic statistics, including point and interval estimation, hypothesis testing, and regression; examples from business applications such as inventory management, medical treatments, and finance. A specialized version of IEOR E4150 for MSE and MSBA students.
Basic probability theory, including independence and conditioning, discrete and continuous random variable, law of large numbers, central limit theorem, and stochastic simulation, basic statistics, including point and interval estimation, hypothesis testing, and regression; examples from business applications such as inventory management, medical treatments, and finance. A specialized version of IEOR E4150 for MSE and MSBA students.
Students of sustainable development are faced with an array of global challenges that warrant scholarly inquiry. Social science questions are particularly well suited for qualitative research. This course will provide an overview of social science research methods, with a focus on building a toolkit for undergraduate students. We begin with an overview of the science of knowing. How do we generate scientific hypotheses in the social sciences, and then how can we find out whether those hypotheses are accurate? An exploration of a range of qualitative research methods will occupy the majority of our class time, including interviewing, case studies, questionnaires, surveys, coding, and participant observation. Toward the end of the course we consider how mixed methods allow for the integration of quantitative tools in the social sciences. Throughout, students will both study and practice these research methods, experimenting to better understand the strengths and challenges associated with each approach. The course will end with poster presentations in which students share their own research and justify the methods they have employed.
Prerequisites: at least two terms of Greek at the 3000-level or higher. Readings in Greek literature from Homer to the 4th century B.C.
Prerequisites: KORN W4006 or the equivalent. Selections from advanced modern Korean writings in social sciences, literature, culture, history, journalistic texts, and intensive conversation exercises.
Prerequisites: at least two terms of Latin at the 3000-level or higher. Latin literature from the beginning to early Augustan times.