DANCE IN NEW YORK CITY

Study of the cultural roots and historical contexts of specific communities using New York City's dance scene as a laboratory. Students observe the social environments in which various modes of dance works are created while researching the history of dance in New York City. Course includes attendance at weekly events, lecture-demonstrations, and performances.

• Department: Dance @Barnard
• MW 4:10 p.m.-5:25 p.m.
• Instructor: Sydnie L Mosley
  Info
• 3 points

ALMA MATER:HIST U.S.COLL/UNIV

• Department: History @Barnard
• MW 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Robert A McCaughey
  CULPA: 20 Info
• 3 points

SPORT&SOCIETY; IN THE AMERICAS

This course explores the ways organized sport constitutes and disrupts dominant understandings of nation, race, gender, and sexuality throughout the Americas. Working from the notion that sport is “more than a game,” the class will examine the social, cultural and political impact of sports in a variety of American contexts in the past and present. While our primary geographic focus will be the United States, Brazil, and the Caribbean, the thrust of the course encourages students to consider sports in local, national, and transnational contexts.  The guiding questions of the course are: What is the relationship between sport and society? How does sport inform political struggles within and across national borders? How does sport reinforce and/or challenge social hierarchies? Can sport provide visions of alternative conceptions of the self and community? Throughout the semester, we will examine such topics as: the continuing political struggles surrounding mega-events such as the Olympics and World Cup, the role of professional baseball in the rise and fall of Jim Crow segregation, the contradictory impact of high school football in Texas, the centrality of tennis to the women’s movement in the United States, and the role of sports in the growth of the city of Los Angeles. Course materials include works by historians, sociologists, social theorists, and journalists who have also been key contributors to the burgeoning field of sports studies.

• Department: History
• TR 11:40 a.m.-12:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Frank Guridy
  CULPA: 2 Wikipedia Info
• 4 points

MEDIEVAL JEWISH CULTURES

This course will survey some of the major historical, cultural, intellectual and social developments among Jews from the fourth century CE through the fifteenth. We will study Jewish cultures from the Christianization of the Roman Empire, the age of the Talmuds, the rise of Islam, the world of the Geniza, medieval Spain, to the early modern period. We will look at a rich variety of primary texts and images, including mosaics, poems, prayers, polemics, and personal letters.
Field(s): JEW/MED

• Department: History
• MW 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Elisheva Carlebach
  CULPA: 6 Wikipedia Info
• 4 points

LATIN AMERICAN CIVILIZATION I

Latin American economy, society, and culture from pre-Columbian times to 1810.
Global Core Approved.

• Department: History
• TR 1:10 p.m.-2:25 p.m.
• Instructor: Caterina Pizzigoni
  CULPA: 24 Info
• 4 points

FAMILIES LATIN AMERICA

• Department: History @Barnard
• TR 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• Instructor: Nara Milanich
  CULPA: 15 Wikipedia Info
• 3 points

PHOTOGRAPHY: PHOTO II

Prerequisites:
VIAR R1700
.
(Formerly R3702) This course expands on concerns first encountered in Photography I and addresses aspects of creative photography through project development and advanced camera and lab techniques. Over the course of the semester students are introduced to color photography, the use of medium format cameras, pinhole cameras, flash and studio lighting in addition to emphasizing the refinement of black-and-white printing: contrast control, burning and dodging, and the production of larger prints. Note: Due to the necessity of placing a cap on the number of students who can register for our photography courses, the department provides a wait list to identify and give priority to students interested in openings that become available on the first day of class. If the class is full, sign up for the wait list at 
http://arts.columbia.edu/photolist
.

• Department: Visual Arts
• TR 1 p.m.-3:30 p.m.
• Instructor: Kai McBride
  CULPA: 2 Info
• 3 points

CONTEMPORARY MORAL PROBLEMS

How specific historical, social, and psychological roots of Western-style marriage illuminate contemporary debates about marriage morals and marriage laws in the United States. Relations between couples and groups; the psychology of love in marriage; marriage, vows, and the logic of promises to love; monogamy, democracy, and the medieval church; monogamy vs. polygyny; pop evolutionary science and marriage; cousin marriage (consanguineous marriage); law and same-sex marriage; sexual morality in marriage; and related subjects. The course has a double goal: To understand both how to think about complex moral problems and how to think about marriage.

• Department: Philosophy
• MW 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• Instructor: Philip Kitcher
  CULPA: 23 Wikipedia Info
• 3 points

HISTORY OF ISLAMIC SOCIETY

Focus on religions, conversion, ethnic relations, development of social institutions, and the relationship between government and religion. 
Field(d): ME

• Department: Asian and Middle East @Barnard
• TR 1:10 p.m.-2:25 p.m.
• Instructor: Hossein Kamaly
  CULPA: 11 Info
• 3 points

HISTORY OF THE MOD MIDDLE EAST

• Department: Auditing
• TR 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• Instructor: Rashid I Khalidi
  CULPA: 26 Wikipedia Info
• 0 points

HISTORY OF THE MOD MIDDLE EAST

This course will cover the history of the Middle East from the 18th century until the present, examining the region ranging from Morocco to Iran and including the Ottoman Empire. It will focus on transformations in the states of the region, external intervention, and the emergence of modern nation-states, as well as aspects of social, economic, cultural and intellectual history of the region.
Field(s): ME

• Department: History
• TR 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• Instructor: Rashid I Khalidi
  CULPA: 26 Wikipedia Info
• 4 points

INDEPENDENT STUDY

Enrollment in a college level course of instruction not offered by the Barnard or Columbia Physical Education Departments. 
Department approval required prior to the first day of the Physical Education registration period.

• Department: Physical Education @Barnard
• Instructor: George Padilla
  CULPA: 14 Info
• 0-1 points

ARTS OF ISLAM

This introductory course attempts to cover the first 300 years, from circa 700-1000 AD, stressing the birth of Islam as the birth of a new aesthetic phenomenon in the Mediterranean Basin, Near East and Central Asia and its appropriations and innovations in creating a novel imperial style, while, at the same time, questioning the modern historiographies and narratives for these masterpieces.

• Department: Art History and Archaeology
• TR 4:10 p.m.-5:25 p.m.
• Instructor: Matthew D Saba
  CULPA: 1 Info
• 3 points

HISTORY OF SOUTH ASIA I

This survey lecture course will provide students with a broad overview of the history of South Asia as a region - focusing on key political, cultural and social developments over more than two millennia. The readings include both primary sources (in translation) and secondary works. Our key concerns will be the political, cultural and theological encounters of varied communities, the growth of cities and urban spaces, networks of trade and migrations and the development of both local and cosmopolitan cultures across Southern Asia. The survey will begin with early dynasties of the classical period and then turn to the subsequent formation of various Perso-Turkic polities, including the development and growth of hybrid political cultures such as those of Vijayanagar and the Mughals. The course also touches on Indic spiritual and literary traditions such as Sufi and Bhakti movements. Near the end of our course, we will look forward towards the establishment of European trading companies and accompanying colonial powers.

• Department: History
• MW 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• Instructor: Manan Ahmed
  CULPA: 6 Wikipedia h-index: 6 Info
• 4 points

SOCIAL HIST OF AMER PUB HEALTH

The purpose of this course is to provide students with an historical understanding of the role public health has played in American history. The underlying assumptions are that disease, and the ways we define disease, are simultaneously reflections of social and cultural values, as well as important factors in shaping those values. Also, it is maintained that the environments that we build determine the ways we live and die. The dread infectious and acute diseases in the nineteenth century, the chronic, degenerative conditions of the twentieth and the new, vaguely understood conditions rooted in a changing chemical and human-made environment are emblematic of the societies we created. Among the questions that will be addressed are: How does the health status of Americans reflect and shape our history? How do ideas about health reflect broader attitudes and values in American history and culture? How does the American experience with pain, disability, and disease affect our actions and lives? What are the responsibilities of the state and of the individual in preserving health? How have American institutions--from hospitals to unions to insurance companies--been shaped by changing longevity, experience with disability and death?

• Department: History
• TR 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• Instructor: James K Colgrove
  CULPA: 9 Info
• 4 points

WORLD MIGRATION

Overview of human migration from pre-history to the present. Sessions on classical Rome; Jewish diaspora; Viking, Mongol, and Arab conquests; peopling of New World, European colonization, and African slavery; 19th-century European mass migration; Chinese and Indian diasporas; resurgence of global migration in last three decades, and current debates.

• Department: History @Barnard
• TR 11:40 a.m.-12:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Jose Moya
  CULPA: 19 h-index: 18 Info
• 3 points

INTRO TO COMPARATIVE LITERATUR

Introduction to the study of literature from a comparative and cross-disciplinary perspective. Readings will be selected to promote reflection on such topics as the relation of literature to the other arts; nationalism and literature; international literary movements; post-colonial literature; gender and literature; and issues of authorship, influence, originality, and intertextuality.

• Department: Comparative Literature and Society @Barnard
• TR 11:40 a.m.-12:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Emily Sun
  CULPA: 4 Info
• 3 points

WESTERN THEATRICAL DANCE

Focuses on the history of theatre dance forms originating in Europe and America from the Renaissance to the present. Includes reading, writing, viewing, and discussion of sources such as film, text, original documentation, demonstration, and performance.

• Department: Dance @Barnard
• MW 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Marjorie Folkman
  CULPA: 2 Info
• 3 points

ADVANCED MODERN GREEK I

Prerequisites:
GRKM V2101
or the equivalent.
This semester we will continue to build language skills but with particular attention to speaking and writing Greek at the university level. We will focus on such topics as diaspora, history, politics, and identity. We will use materials from literature, critical essays, historiography, film, and mass media as a way to advance knowledge in Modern Greek literature and culture. In addition we will explore the diversity of Greek language as it is spoken in different regions and gain understanding of its evolution through time. Materials include: essays (Seferis, Theotokas); newspaper articles; television interviews (Flessa and Papanikolaou); advertisement; stand-up-comedy (Lazopoulos); music (art-song, rebetika, hip-hop); theatre (Demetriades); literature (Roides, Papadiamantis, Kazantzakis, Lymberaki, Karapanou, Galanaki, Charalambides, Chatzopoulos, Chouliaras).

• Department: Classics
• TR 6:10 p.m.-8 p.m.
• 3 points

CLASSICAL WAVES - LEC + LAB

Prerequisites: Physics BC2002 or the equivalent.
Corequisites: Calculus III.
Nonlinear pendula, transverse vibrations-elastic strings, longitudinal sound waves, seismic waves, electromagnetic oscillations & light, rainbows, haloes, the Green Flash; polarization phenomena - Haidinger's Brush, Brewster's angle, double refraction, optical activity; gravity & capillary waves; interference, diffraction, lenses & mirrors.

• Department: Physics and Astronomy @Barnard
• W 4:10 p.m.-8 p.m.
• Instructor: Timothy J Halpin-Healy
  CULPA: 6 Info
• 5 points

CLASSICAL WAVES - LEC + LAB

Prerequisites: Physics BC2002 or the equivalent.
Corequisites: Calculus III.
Nonlinear pendula, transverse vibrations-elastic strings, longitudinal sound waves, seismic waves, electromagnetic oscillations & light, rainbows, haloes, the Green Flash; polarization phenomena - Haidinger's Brush, Brewster's angle, double refraction, optical activity; gravity & capillary waves; interference, diffraction, lenses & mirrors.

• Department: Physics and Astronomy @Barnard
• TR 10 a.m.-11:30 a.m.
• Instructor: Timothy J Halpin-Healy
  CULPA: 6 Info
• 3 points

CLASSICAL WAVES - LEC + LAB

CLASSICAL WAVES - LAB

Prerequisites: Physics BC2002 or the equivalent.
Corequisites: Calculus III.
Nonlinear pendula, transverse vibrations-elastic strings, longitudinal sound waves, seismic waves, electromagnetic oscillations & light, rainbows, haloes, the Green Flash; polarization phenomena - Haidinger's Brush, Brewster's angle, double refraction, optical activity; gravity & capillary waves; interference, diffraction, lenses & mirrors.

• Department: Physics and Astronomy @Barnard
• W 4:10 p.m.-8 p.m.
• Instructor: Timothy J Halpin-Healy
  CULPA: 6 Info
• 2 points

SLAVIC CULTURES

The history of Slavic peoples - Russians, Czechs, Poles, Serbs, Croats, Ukrainians, Bulgarians - is rife with transformations, some voluntary, some imposed. Against the background of a schematic external history, this course examines how Slavic peoples have responded to and have represented these transformations in various modes: historical writing, hagiography, polemics, drama and fiction, folk poetry, music, visual art, and film. Activity ranges over lecture (for historical background) and discussion (of primary sources).

• Department: Slavic Languages
• TR 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• Instructor: Alan Timberlake
  CULPA: 23 Wikipedia Info
• 3 points

SUPERVISED PROJ PHOTOGRAPHY

SUPERVISED PHOTO PROJECTS

Prerequisites: Enrollment limited to 15 students.
Designed for students to conduct independent projects in photography. Priority for enrollment to the class will be Barnard College students who are enrolling in classes at ICP (International Center of Photography).  The cost of ICP will be covered by Barnard College. All of the other students enrolling in the course (CC, GS SOA) will be responsible for their own ICP course expenses.

• Department: Art History @Barnard
• M 11 a.m.-12:50 p.m.
• Instructor: John Miller
  CULPA: 2 Info
• 3 points

NEUROBIO I:CELLULAR & MOLECULR

Prerequisites: one year of biology; a course in physics is highly recommended.
Lecture and recitation. This is an advanced course intended for majors providing an in depth survey of the cellular and molecular aspects of nerve cell function. Topics include: the cell biology and biochemistry of neurons, ionic and molecular basis of electrical signals, synaptic transmission and its modulation, function of sensory receptors. Although not required, it is intended to be followed by Neurobiology II (see below). The recitation meets once per week in smaller groups and emphasizes readings from the primary literature.

• Department: Biological Sciences
• TR 4:10 p.m.-5:25 p.m.
• Instructor: Stuart J Firestein
  CULPA: 13 Wikipedia h-index: 50 Info
• 4 points

THIRD YEAR KOREAN I

THIRD YEAR KOREAN N I

Prerequisites:
KORN W1202
or the equivalent and consultation with instructor. (See Entrance to Language Courses Beyond the Elementary Level in the main bulletin under Department of Instruction -- East Asian Languages and Cultures.)
Readings in modern Korean. Selections from modern Korean writings in literature, history, social sciences, culture, and videos and class discussions.

• Department: East Asian Languages and Cultures
• MTWR 10:10 a.m.-11:15 a.m.
• Instructor: Eunice Chung
  CULPA: 1 Info
• 5 points

THIRD YEAR KOREAN I

Prerequisites:
KORN W1202
or the equivalent and consultation with instructor. (See Entrance to Language Courses Beyond the Elementary Level in the main bulletin under Department of Instruction -- East Asian Languages and Cultures.)
Readings in modern Korean. Selections from modern Korean writings in literature, history, social sciences, culture, and videos and class discussions.

• Department: East Asian Languages and Cultures
• MTWR 10:10 a.m.-11:15 a.m.
• Instructor: Carol H Schulz
  CULPA: 5 Info
• 5 points

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING I

Prerequisites: BIOL C2005 and BIOL C2006, or with instructor's permission
Corequisites: BMEN E3810, E4001
Various concepts within the field of biomedical engineering, foundational knowledge of engineering methodology applied to biological and/or medical problems through modules in biomechanics, biomaterials, and cell & tissue engineering.

• Department: Biomedical Engineering
• MW 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• Instructor: X. Edward Guo
  CULPA: 2 h-index: 70 Info
• 3 points

PRIN-CHEM ENGIN-THERMODYNAMICS

Prerequisites: CHEM C1403
Corequisites: CHEN E3020
Introduction to thermodynamics. Fundamentals are emphasized: the laws of thermodynamics are derived and their meaning explained and elucidated by applications to engineering problems. Pure systems are treated, with an emphasis on phase  equilibrium.

• Department: Chemical Engineering
• TR 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• Instructor: Sanat Kumar
  CULPA: 4 h-index: 79 Info
• 3 points

INTRO TO MATERIALS SCIENCE I

Prerequisites: CHEM C1404, PHYS C1011
Introduction to quantum mechanics: atoms, electron shells, bands, bonding; introduction to group theory: crystal structures, symmetry, crystallography; introduction to materials classes: metals, ceramics, polymers, liquid crystals, nanomaterials; properties of single crystals: optical properties, electrical properties, magnetic properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties.

• Department: Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics
• TR 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• Instructor: Ismail C Noyan
  CULPA: 7 Info
• 3 points

COLLAGE: MIXED MEDIA

Prerequisites:
VIAR R1000
.
(Formerly R3515) This course approaches drawing as an experimental and expressive tool. Students will explore the boundaries between drawing and sculpture and will be encouraged to push the parameters of drawing. Collage, assemblage and photomontage will be used in combination with more traditional approaches to drawing. The class will explore the role of the imagination, improvisation, 3-dimensional forms, observation, memory, language, mapping, and text. Field trips to artists’ studios as well as critiques will play an important role in the course. The course will culminate in a final project in which each student will choose one or more of the themes explored during the semester and create a series of artworks. This course is often taught under the nomenclature Drawing II - Mixed Media.

• Department: Visual Arts
• T 4 p.m.-10 p.m.
• Instructor: Diana Cooper
  Wikipedia Info
• 3 points

INEQUALITY AND POVERTY

Prerequisites: ECON BC3035 or ECON BC3033, or permission of the instructor.
Conceptualization and measurement of inequality and poverty, poverty traps and distributional dynamics, economics and politics of public policies, in both poor and rich countries.

• Department: Economics @Barnard
• TR 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• Instructor: Ashley Timmer
  CULPA: 1 Info
• 3 points

THE ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION

Prerequisites: ECON BC3035 and ECON BC2411 or permission of the instructor.
Analyzes education policies and education markets from an economic perspective. Examines challenges that arise when researchers attempt to identify the causal effects of inputs. Other topics: (1) education as an investment, (2) public school finance, (3) teacher labor markets, (4) testing/accountability programs, (5) school choice programs, and (6) urban public school reforms.

• Department: Economics @Barnard
• MW 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Randall Reback
  CULPA: 17 h-index: 14 Info
• 3 points

LABORATORY IN MATERIALS SCI I

Prerequisites: MSAE E3010.
Measurement of electrical, thermal, and magnetic properties of single crystals. Single crystal diffraction analysis, polarized light microscopy, and infrared microscopy in Si single crystals, written and oral reports.

• Department: Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics
• M 12:30 p.m.-5 p.m.
• Instructor: Seung-Yub Lee
  Info
• 3 points

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

Enables students to become informed users of financial information by understanding the language of accounting and financial reporting. Focuses on the three major financial statements that companies prepare for use of management and external parties—the balance sheet, the income statement, and the statement of cash flows. Examines the underlying concepts that go into the preparation of these financial statements as well as specific accounting rules that apply when preparing financial statements. Also looks at approaches to analyze the financial strength and operations of an entity. Uses actual financial statements to understand how financial information is presented and to apply analysis techniques.

• Department: Columbia College
• MW 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Julian Yeo
  CULPA: 1 Info
• 3 points

FIELD METHODS IN ENVIR SCIENCE

Prerequisites: Enrollment limited. Five required field trips that take a substantial portion of the day.
Problem-oriented, hands-on approach emphasizing the tools, techniques, and observational skills necessary for the understanding of forest ecology and deer management. Field and laboratory work as well as data analysis and interpretation. Field Methods utilizes the outdoor resources of the Hudson River Valley, especially the forest environment at Black Rock Forest, a 4,000-acre preserve near Cornwall, N.Y.

• Department: Environmental Sciences @Barnard
• F 8:40 a.m.-11:40 a.m.
• Instructor: Peter M Bower
  CULPA: 56 Info
• 3 points

ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURMENTS

ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS

Prerequisites: Enrollment limited. Required field trip on first Friday of the semester.
Hands-on approach to learning environmental methods. Students take a one-day cruise on the Hudson River to collect environmental samples. These samples are then analyzed throughout the semester to characterize the Hudson River estuary. Standard and advanced techniques to analyze water and sediment samples for nutrients and contaminants are taught.

• Department: Environmental Sciences @Barnard
• MW 2:10 p.m.-4 p.m.
• Instructor: Brian Mailloux
  CULPA: 10 h-index: 36 Info
• 3 points

WALKING

Prerequisites: No prerequisites. Department approval NOT required.
As Walter Benjamin notes in The Arcades Project: "Basic to flanerie, among other things, is the idea that the fruits of idleness are more precious than the fruits of labor.  The flaneur, as is well known, makes 'studies'."  This course will encourage you to make "studies" -- poems, essays, stories, or multimedia pieces -- based on your walks.  We will read depictions of walking from multiple disciplines, including philosophy, poetry, history, religion, visual art, and urban planning.  Occasionally we will walk together.  An important point of the course is to develop mobile forms of writing.  How can writing emerge from, and document, a walk's encounters, observations, and reflections?  What advantages does mobility bring to our work?  Each week you will write a short piece (1-3 pages) that engages your walks while responding to close readings of the assigned material.

• Department: Writing
• R 2:10 p.m.-4 p.m.
• Instructor: John D Cotner
  Info
• 3 points

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA ANALYSIS

Prerequisites: One year of college science or EESC V2100 or permission of the instructor.
Acquisition, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of environmental data, assessment of spatial and temporal variability. Focus on water quality issues and storm surges. Uses existing and student-generated data sets. Basic principles of statistics and GIS, uses standard software packages including EXCEL and ArcGIS. Includes a half-day field trip on a Saturday or Sunday.
General Education Requirement: Quantitative and Deductive Reasoning (QUA).

• Department: Environmental Sciences @Barnard
• TR 2:10 p.m.-4 p.m.
• Instructor: Frank Nitsche
  CULPA: 1 h-index: 29 Info
• 3 points

ECONOMETRICS

Prerequisites: ECON BC3033 or ECON BC3035, and ECON BC2411 or STAT W1111 or STAT W1211, or permission of the instructor.
Specification, estimation and evaluation of economic relationships using economic theory, data, and statistical inference; testable implications of economic theories; econometric analysis of topics such as consumption, investment, wages and unemployment, and financial markets.

• Department: Economics @Barnard
• F 2 p.m.-3 p.m.
• Instructor: Homa S Zarghamee
  CULPA: 17 Info
• 4 points

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LAB I

Experiments in instrumentation and measurement: optical, pressure, fluid flow, temperature, stress, and electricity; viscometry, cantilever beam, digital data acquisition. Probability theory: distribution, functions of random variables, tests of significance, correlation, ANOVA, linear regression. A lab fee of $50.00 is collected.

• Department: Mechanical Engineering
• TR 1:10 p.m.-2:25 p.m.
• TR 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Jeffrey W Kysar
  CULPA: 9 h-index: 37 Info
• 3 points

ENERGY RESOURCES

Energy Resources utilizes the physical plant of Barnard and Columbia to involve students in a semester long real-life policy study that explores the interconnections between energy resources and sustainable energy efficiency. Students work collaboratively as a team and interface with college faculty, administration, staff and student organizations to produce and disseminate a professional level policy report describing existing usage of energy, analyzing where change is needed.

• Department: Environmental Sciences @Barnard
• TR 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• Instructor: Peter M Bower
  CULPA: 56 Info
• 3 points

ADVANCED PHONETICS

Prerequisites: Satisfaction of the language requirement or the equivalent. Enrollment limited to 12 students.
Detailed study of all aspects of French pronunciation; theoretical linguistic concepts will be followed up with intensive oral drills.

• Department: French @Barnard
• TR 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Anne Boyman
  CULPA: 16 Info
• 3 points

ANALYSIS OF CHEM ENGIN PROBLMS

Prerequisites: vector calculus, ordinary differential equations.
Corequisites: CHEE E3010, CHEN E3110.
Computational solutions of chemical engineering problems in thermodynamics, transport phenomena, and reaction design.

• Department: Chemical Engineering
• MW 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Alan West
  CULPA: 3 h-index: 48 Info
• 3 points

MARKETING MANAGEMENT

INTRO-MARKETING/MARKETING MGMT

Designed to provide students with an understanding of the fundamental marketing concepts and their application by business and non-business organizations. The goal is to expose students to these concepts as they are used in a wide variety of settings, including consumer goods firms, manufacturing and service industries, and small and large businesses. The course gives an overview of marketing strategy issues, elements of a market (company, customers, and competition), as well as the fundamental elements of the marketing mix (product, price, placement/distribution, and promotion).

• Department: Columbia College
• M 9 a.m.-11:55 a.m.
• Instructor: Silvia Bellezza
  h-index: 7 Info
• 3 points

MAJOR FRENCH TEXTS I

Prerequisites: Satisfaction of the language requirement or the equivalent.
Medieval, Renaissance, and Classical literature in their cultural context.

• Department: French @Barnard
• TR 4:10 p.m.-5:25 p.m.
• Instructor: Laurie Postlewate
  CULPA: 17 Info
• 3 points

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Prerequisites:
BIOL C2005
-
C2006
or equivalent.
Come discover how the union of egg and sperm triggers the complex cellular interactions that specify the diverse variety of cells present in multicellular organisms. Cellular and molecular aspects of sex determination, gametogenesis, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, telomerase as the biological clock, stem cells, cloning, the pill and cell interactions will be explored, with an emphasis on humans. Original research articles will be discussed to further examine current research in developmental biology. SCE and TC students may register for this course, but they must first obtain the written permission of the instructor, by filling out a paper Registration Adjustment Form (Add/Drop form). The form can be downloaded at the URL below, but must be signed by the instructor and returned to the office of the registrar.  http://registrar.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/content/reg-adjustment.pdf

• Department: Biological Sciences
• TR 1:10 p.m.-2:25 p.m.
• Instructor: Alice Heicklen
  CULPA: 15 Info
• 3 points

AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES

• Department: Political Science @Barnard
• TR 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Katherine L Krimmel
  CULPA: 6 Info
• 3 points

INTERMEDTE MACROECONOMC THEORY

Prerequisites: An introductory course in economics and a functioning knowledge of high school algebra and analytical geometry or permission of the instructor.
Systematic exposition of current macroeconomic theories of unemployment, inflation, and international financial adjustments.

• Department: Economics @Barnard
• TR 7:40 p.m.-8:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Benjamin Zweig
  Info
• 4 points

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Prerequisites: genetics or molecular biology.
The course covers techniques currently used to explore and manipulate gene function and their applications in medicine and the environment. Part I covers key laboratory manipulations, including DNA cloning, gene characterization, association of genes with disease, and methods for studying gene regulation and activities of gene products. Part II also covers commercial applications, and includes animal cell culture, production of recombinant proteins, novel diagnostics, high throughput screening, and environmental biosensors. SCE and TC students may register for this course, but they must first obtain the written permission of the instructor, by filling out a paper Registration Adjustment Form (Add/Drop form). The form can be downloaded at the URL below, but must be signed by the instructor and returned to the office of the registrar.  http://registrar.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/content/reg-adjustment.pdf

• Department: Biological Sciences
• MW 4:10 p.m.-5:25 p.m.
• 3 points

INTERMEDTE MICROECONOMC THEORY

Prerequisites: An introductory course in microeconomics or a combined macro/micro principles course (ECON BC1003 or ECON W1105, or the equivalent) and one semester of calculus or ECON BC1007, or permission of the instructor.
Preferences and demand; production, cost, and supply; behavior of markets in partial equilibrium; resource allocation in general equilibrium; pricing of goods and services under alternative market structures; implications of individual decision-making for labor supply; income distribution, welfare, and public policy. Emphasis on problem solving.

• Department: Economics @Barnard
• MW 5:40 p.m.-6:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Lalith Munasinghe
  CULPA: 33 Info
• 4 points

INTERNATIONAL MONEY & FINANCE

Prerequisites: ECON BC3033.
Introduction to balance of payments and exchange rate theory; capital mobility and expectations; internal and external adjustment under fixed and flexible exchange rates; international financial markets; capital mobility and expectations; international policy coordination and optimum currency areas; history of the international monetary system.

• Department: Economics @Barnard
• TR 1:10 p.m.-2:25 p.m.
• Instructor: Andre Burgstaller
  CULPA: 40 Info
• 3 points

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LAB III

Mechatronic control of mechanical and electromechanical systems. Control of various thermodynamic cycles, including internal combustion engine (Otto cycle). Reverse engineering of an electromechanical product. A lab fee of $50.00 is collected.

• Department: Mechanical Engineering
• M 8:50 a.m.-11:20 a.m.
• None None-None
• W 8:50 a.m.-11:20 a.m.
• 3 points

CELL BIOLOGY

Prerequisites: one year of biology, normally
BIOL C2005-C2006
, or the equivalent.
Cell Biology 3041/4041 is an upper-division course that covers in depth all organelles of cells, how they make up tissues, secrete substances important for the organism, generate and adapt to their working environment in the body, move throughout development, and signal to each other. Because these topics were introduced in the Intro Course (taught by Mowshowitz and Chasin), this course or its equivalent is a pre-requisite for W3041/4041. Students for whom this course is useful include biology, biochem or biomedical engineering majors, those preparing to apply for medical school or graduate school, and those doing or planning to start doing research in a biology or biomedical lab. SCE and TC students may register for this course, but they must first obtain the written permission of the instructor, by filling out a paper Registration Adjustment Form (Add/Drop form). The form can be downloaded at the URL below, but must be signed by the instructor and returned to the office of the registrar.  http://registrar.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/content/reg-adjustment.pdf

• Department: Biological Sciences
• TR 11:40 a.m.-12:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Jeannette C Bulinski
  Info
• 3 points

THEORETICL FOUNDTNS-POLIT ECON

Prerequisites: An introductory course in economics or permission of the instructor.
Intellectual origins of the main schools of thought in political economy. Study of the founding texts in classical political economy, Marxian economics, neoclassicism, and Keynesianism.

• Department: Economics @Barnard
• MW 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• TR 10:10 a.m.-11:25 a.m.
• Instructor: David Weiman
  CULPA: 40 Info
• Instructor: Belinda Archibong
  CULPA: 8 h-index: 7 Info
• 3 points

SOLID ST,MICROWAVE,OPTICS LAB

Prerequisites: ELEN E3106 and ELEN E3401.
Optical electronics and communications. Microwave circuits. Physical electronics.

• Department: Electrical Engineering
• W 4:10 p.m.-6:40 p.m.
• Instructor: Wen I Wang
  CULPA: 1 Info
• 3 points

BIG DATA WITH PYTHON

Big Data is changing how we interact with and understand the environment. Yet analyzing Big Data requires new tools and methods. Students will learn to use Python programming to analyze and visualize large environmental and earth's systems data sets in ways that Excel is not equipped to do. This will include both time series and spatial analyses with programming occurring interactively during class and assignments designed to strengthen methods and results. Students will learn to write code in Python, plot, map, sub-select, clean, organize, and perform statistical analyses on large global scale data sets, using the data in analysis, and take any data set no matter how large or complicated.

• Department: Environmental Sciences @Barnard
• MW 9:30 a.m.-10:45 a.m.
• Instructor: Brian Mailloux
  CULPA: 10 h-index: 36 Info
• 3 points

YOUTH IN ANCIENT ROME

This seminar will provide students with an in-depth interdisciplinary examination of the cultural and political history of a biological and social phenomenon in ancient Rome over a period of 350 years: that stage in the Roman life course which we today would identify as “youth” or “adolescence”. Students will become acquainted with the key methodological approaches to writing the history of an “age” and scrutinize their usefulness in the process, including traditional social history models, cultural anthropology, and more recent theories of age as a performance. The course traces thematic topics which adhere to a linear chronology, beginning with Roman comedy in the second century BCE and ending with the death and divinization of Hadrian’s favorite, the Bithynian youth, Antinous in 130 CE. The class will make substantial use of Columbia’s resources at Butler Library, including an ancient world research methods session at the library itself, as well as at least one “hands-on” session with the Roman epigraphic, papyrologicial, and numismatic material in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library. Our proximity to The Metropolitan Museum of Art will also be utilized, both in terms of a class visit and in one component of the course assessment that will culminate in a class website, “The History of Roman Youth in Objects”.

• Department: History
• W 2:10 p.m.-4 p.m.
• Instructor: Evan L Jewell
  Info
• 4 points

PROJECT LAB-MOLECULAR GENETICS

Prerequisites: one year of introductory biology and the instructor's permission.
Project laboratory on the manipulation of nucleic acids in prokaryotes, including DNA isolation, restriction mapping, and transformation. The first part of the laboratory involves learning of techniques to be used subsequently in independent research projects suggested by the professor.

• Department: Biological Sciences
• TR 1:10 p.m.-5 p.m.
• Instructor: Alexander A Tzagoloff
  CULPA: 2 h-index: 96 Info
• 5 points

MATH & THE CITY

MATH AND THE CITY

Prerequisites: the instructor's permission.
In partnership with NYC public school teachers, students will have opportunities to engage in mathematical learning, lesson study, curriculum development, and implementation, with a focus on using the City as a resource. Students will explore implications for working with diverse populations. Non-math majors, pre-service elementary students and first-year students welcome. Fieldwork and field trips required. Note: Students in the Childhood Urban Teaching Program may use this course as a pedagogical elective.

• Department: Education @Barnard
• W 4:10 p.m.-6 p.m.
• Instructor: Lisa Edstrom
  CULPA: 1 Info
• 4 points

COLL:POL VIOLENCE & TERRORISM

• Department: Political Science @Barnard
• T 11 a.m.-12:50 p.m.
• Instructor: Lisel Hintz
  Info
• 4 points

SCIENCE IN THE CITY II

Prerequisites: the instructor's permission. Open to Non-science majors, pre-service elementary students, and first-year students.
Students investigate the science of learning, the Next Generation Science Standards, scientific inquiry and engineering design practices, and strategies to include families in fostering student achievement and persistence in science. Fieldwork required. Note: Students in the Childhood Urban Teaching Program may use this course as a pedagogical elective.

• Department: Education @Barnard
• R 4:30 p.m.-6:20 p.m.
• Instructor: Stephanie Macaluso
  Info
• 4 points

SENIOR THESIS I

Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor and completion of all courses (except for the senior requirement) required for the economics track, political economy track, or economics and mathematics majors. Exceptions to these prerequisites may be granted by the chair of the department only.
Tutorials and conferences on the research for and writing of the senior thesis.  This is the 1st semester of a two-semester course sequence.

• Department: Economics @Barnard
• M 4:10 p.m.-6 p.m.
• None None-None
• T 2:10 p.m.-4 p.m.
• None None-None
• Instructor: Perry G Mehrling
  CULPA: 25 Wikipedia Info
• Instructor: Lalith Munasinghe
  CULPA: 33 Info
• Instructor: David Weiman
  CULPA: 40 Info
• Instructor: Sonia Pereira
  CULPA: 19 Info
• 4 points

SENIOR SEMINAR

SR SEM:BEHAVIORAL ECONOMCS

Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor and the completion of all courses (except for the senior requirement) required for the economics track, political economy track, or economics and mathematics majors. Exceptions to these prerequisites may be granted by the chair of the department only. Seminar sections are limited to 15 students.
A topic in economic theory or policy of the instructor’s choice. See department for current topics and for senior requirement preference forms.

• Department: Economics @Barnard
• T 2:10 p.m.-4 p.m.
• Instructor: Homa S Zarghamee
  CULPA: 17 Info
• 4 points

SENIOR SEMINAR

SR SEM:WMN IN DEVLOPMNT ECON

Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor and the completion of all courses (except for the senior requirement) required for the economics track, political economy track, or economics and mathematics majors. Exceptions to these prerequisites may be granted by the chair of the department only. Seminar sections are limited to 15 students.
A topic in economic theory or policy of the instructor’s choice. See department for current topics and for senior requirement preference forms.

• Department: Economics @Barnard
• T 4:10 p.m.-6 p.m.
• Instructor: Anja Tolonen
  CULPA: 3 h-index: 8 Info
• 4 points

STUDENT TEACHING/URBAN SCHOOLS

ELEM STU TEACHING URBAN SCHLS

Prerequisites: completion of
EDUC BC2052
or
EDUC BC2062
and
EDUC BC2055
, with grades of B or better. NYCDOE Fingerprinting.
Corequisites: EDUC BC3064. Enrollment limited.
Supervised student teaching in elementary schools includes creating lesson plans, involving students in active learning, using cooperative methods, developmentally appropriate assessment, and meeting the needs of diverse learners in urban schools. Teaching skills developed through weekly individual and/or group supervision meetings (to be scheduled at the beginning of the semester), conferences, and portfolio design. Requires 100 hours of teaching at two different grade levels,
full-time for one semester
. Note: Students are only permitted to leave their student teaching placements early twice a week, once for EDUC BC3064 and one other day for one additional course having a start time of 2 pm or later. Students are only permitted to take one additional course while enrolled in
EDUC BC3063
and
EDUC BC3064
.

• Department: Education @Barnard
• W 4:10 p.m.-6 p.m.
• Instructor: Kathryn S Struthers
  Info
• 6 points

SEM: ISSUES URBAN TEACHING

CRITICAL INQUIRY URBAN TCHNG

Corequisites:
EDUC BC3063
or
EDUC BC3065
. Enrollment limited to student teachers enrolled in the Education Program.
Designed to help student teachers develop as reflective practictioners who can think critically about issues facing urban schools, particularly how race, class and gender influence schooling; and to examine the challenges and possibilities for providing intellectually engaging, meaningful curriculum to all students in urban classrooms.

• Department: Education @Barnard
• T 4:10 p.m.-6 p.m.
• Instructor: Rachel Throop
  CULPA: 1 Info
• 4 points

SECONDARY STU TCHNG URB SCHLS

Prerequisites: Completion of
EDUC BC2052
or
EDUC BC2062
and
EDUC BC2055
, with grades of B or better. NYCDOE Fingerprinting required.
Corequisites:
EDUC BC3064
. Enrollment limited.
Supervised student teaching in secondary schools includes creating lesson plans, involving students in active learning, using cooperative methods, developmentally appropriate assessment, and meeting the needs of diverse learners in urban schools. Teaching skills developed through weekly individual and/or group supervision meetings (to be scheduled at the beginning of the semester), conferences, and portfolio design. Requires 100 hours of teaching at two different grade levels, 
full-time for one semester
. Note: Students are only permitted to leave their student teaching placements early twice a week, once for EDUC BC3064 and one other day for one additional course having a start time of 2 pm or later. Students are only permitted to take one additional course while enrolled in EDUC BC3064 and EDUC BC3065.

• Department: Education @Barnard
• W 4:10 p.m.-6 p.m.
• 6 points

CELLULAR/MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY

Prerequisites: two semesters of a rigorous, molecularly-oriented introductory biology course (such as
C2005
and
C2006
), or the instructor's permission.
This course will cover the basic concepts underlying the mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity, as well as key experimental methods currently used in the field. To keep it real, the course will include clinical correlates in such areas as infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and transplantation. Taking this course won't turn you into an immunologist, but it may make you want to become one, as was the case for several students last year. After taking the course, you should be able to read the literature intelligently in this rapidly advancing field. SCE and TC students may register for this course, but they must first obtain the written permission of the instructor, by filling out a paper Registration Adjustment Form (Add/Drop form). The form can be downloaded at the URL below, but must be signed by the instructor and returned to the office of the registrar.  http://registrar.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/content/reg-adjustment.pdf

• Department: Biological Sciences
• MW 11:40 a.m.-12:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Solomon Mowshowitz
  CULPA: 9 Info
• 3 points

CIRCUIT ANALYSIS LABORATORY

Prerequisites: ELEN E1201 or equivalent.
Corequisites: ELEN E3201.
Companion lab course for ELEN E3201. Experiments cover such topics as: use of measurement instruments; HSPICE simulation; basic network theorems; linearization of nonlinear circuits using negative feedback; opamp circuits; integrators; second order RLC circuits. The lab generally meets on alternate weeks.

• Department: Electrical Engineering
• T 4:10 p.m.-6:40 p.m.
• R 10:10 a.m.-12:40 p.m.
• F 10:10 a.m.-12:40 p.m.
• Instructor: Charles A Zukowski
  CULPA: 5 Wikipedia Info
• 1 points

SIGNALS & SYSTEMS LABORATORY

Corequisites: ELEN E3801.
Companion lab course for ELEN E3801. Experiments cover topics such as: introduction and use of MATLAB for numerical and symbolic calculations; linearity and time invariance; continuous-time convolution; Fourier-series expansion and signal reconstruction; impulse response and transfer function; forced response. The lab generally meets on alternate weeks.

• Department: Electrical Engineering
• M 6:10 p.m.-8:40 p.m.
• R 4:10 p.m.-6:40 p.m.
• F 1:10 p.m.-3:40 p.m.
• Instructor: Xiaodong Wang
  CULPA: 15 Info
• 1 points

INDIVIDUAL SENIOR PROJECTS

Prerequisites: Meets senior requirement. Instructor permission required.
The instructor will supervise the writing of long papers involving some form of sociological research and analysis.

• Department: Sociology @Barnard
• Instructor: Deborah Becher
  CULPA: 8 h-index: 4 Info
• Instructor: Elizabeth Bernstein
  CULPA: 27 Info
• Instructor: Christel Kesler
  CULPA: 5 Info
• Instructor: Debra Minkoff
  CULPA: 6 h-index: 17 Info
• Instructor: Mignon R Moore
  CULPA: 9 h-index: 17 Info
• Instructor: Jonathan Rieder
  CULPA: 17 Info
• 4 points

ADV ELECTROMAGNETISM LAB

Classical electromagnetic wave phenomena via Maxwell's equations, including: (i) Michaelson and Fabry-Perot Interferometry, as well as a thin-film interference and elementary dispersion theory; (ii) Fraunhofer Diffraction (and a bit of Fresnel); (iii) Wireless Telegraphy I: AM Radio Receivers; and (iv) Wireless Telegraphy II: AM Transmitters. Last two labs pay homage to relevant scientific developments in the period 1875-1925, from the discovery of Hertzian waves to the Golden Age of Radio. Complements PHYS W3008
Electromagnetic Waves and Optics
.

• Department: Physics and Astronomy @Barnard
• F 10:30 a.m.-noon
• Instructor: Stiliana Savin
  CULPA: 4 Info
• 3 points

THE ENGLISH CONFERENCE

Prerequisites: To be taken only for P/F. Students must attend all classes to receive credit for this course. Enrollment limited to 60 students.
The four course sessions for The English Conference in fall 2016 are September 19, 21, 26, and 28. Please consult the English Department's
website for a course description
.

• Department: English @Barnard
• MW 4:10 p.m.-6 p.m.
• Instructor: Lisa Gordis
  CULPA: 15 Info
• 1 points

COMP MEDIA:APPROACH/CASE STUD

Comparative media is an emergent approach in media and film theory. This course, taught by scholars from German and anthropology, introduces students to cutting edge research in media drawing on history, film & media theory, sound studies, literature, anthropology & visual culture. It adopts a comparative approach to media as machines and aesthetic practices by examining contemoprary media in relation to the introduction of earlier technologies. In doing so it decenters media theory, extending our focus beyond the U.S. and Europe by examining other cultural locations of media innovation and appropriation.

• Department: Germanic Languages
• MW 2:40 p.m.-3:55 p.m.
• 3 points

INTRO TO MECHANCIS OF FLUIDS

INTRO TO MECHANICS OF FLUIDS

Prerequisites: ENME E3105.
Basic continuum concepts. Liquids and gases in static equilibrium. Continuity equation. Two-dimensional kinematics. Equation of motion. Bernoulli's equation and applications. Equations of energy and angular momentum. Dimensional analysis. Two-dimensional laminar flow. Pipe flow, laminar,and turbulent. Elements of compressible flow.

• Department: Mechanical Engineering
• MW 8:40 a.m.-9:55 a.m.
• Instructor: Kristin Myers
  CULPA: 3 h-index: 25 Info
• 3 points

INTRO TO MECHANCIS OF FLUIDS

FLUIDS RECITATION

Prerequisites: ENME E3105.
Basic continuum concepts. Liquids and gases in static equilibrium. Continuity equation. Two-dimensional kinematics. Equation of motion. Bernoulli's equation and applications. Equations of energy and angular momentum. Dimensional analysis. Two-dimensional laminar flow. Pipe flow, laminar,and turbulent. Elements of compressible flow.

• Department: Mechanical Engineering
• F 10:10 a.m.-12:40 p.m.
• 0 points

ADVANCED FICTION WORKSHOP

Prerequisites: The department's permission required through writing sample. Please go to 609 Kent for submission schedule and registration guidelines or see http://www.arts.columbia.edu/writing/undergraduate.
Building on the work of the Intermediate Workshop, Advanced Workshops are reserved for the most accomplished creative writing students. A significant body of writing must be produced and revised.  Particular attention will be paid to the components of fiction: voice, perspective, characterization, and form.  Students will be expected to finish several short stories, executing a total artistic vision on a piece of writing. The critical focus of the class will include an examination of endings and formal wholeness, sustaining narrative arcs, compelling a reader's interest for the duration of the text, and generating a sense of urgency and drama in the work.

• Department: Writing
• W 6:20 p.m.-8:10 p.m.
• M 4:10 p.m.-6 p.m.
• Instructor: Ellis Avery
  CULPA: 5 Info
• Instructor: Rebecca J Schiff
  Info
• 3 points

APPLIED MATH I: LINEAR ALGEBRA

Matrix algebra, elementary matrices, inverses, rank, determinants. Computational aspects of solving systems of linear equations: existence-uniqueness of solutions, Gaussian elimination, scaling, ill-conditioned systems, iterative techniques. Vector spaces, bases, dimension. Eigenvalue problems, diagonalization, inner products, unitary matrices.

• Department: Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics
• TR 11:40 a.m.-12:55 p.m.
• Instructor: Michael K Tippett
  CULPA: 8 h-index: 43 Info
• 3 points

ARCH REPRSENTATION:ABSTRACTION

ARCH.REPRSENTATION:ABSTRACTION

Prerequisites: Enrollment limited to 16 students per section. Recommended for the sophomore year. Students work in a studio environment.
Introduction to design through analysis of abstract architectural space and form. Emphasis on the design process and principles of representations through architectural drawing and model making. Attendance is mandatory at the first class meeting in order to form class registration lists.

• Department: Architecture @Barnard
• MW 9 a.m.-11:50 a.m.
• MW 10 a.m.-12:50 p.m.
• Instructor: Severino Alfonso
  Info
• Instructor: Madeline K Schwartzman
  CULPA: 11 Info
• 4 points

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

PROGRAMMING LANG (PYTHON)

Prerequisites: fluency in at least one programming language.
Introduction to a programming language. Each section is devoted to a specific language. Intended only for those who are already fluent in at least one programming language. Sections may meet for one hour per week for the whole term, for three hours per week for the first third of the term, or for two hours per week for the first six weeks. May be repeated for credit if different languages are involved.

• Department: Computer Science
• F 2:10 p.m.-4 p.m.
• Instructor: Lawrence Stead
  Info
• 1 points

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

PROGRAMMING LANG (C++)

Prerequisites: fluency in at least one programming language.
Introduction to a programming language. Each section is devoted to a specific language. Intended only for those who are already fluent in at least one programming language. Sections may meet for one hour per week for the whole term, for three hours per week for the first third of the term, or for two hours per week for the first six weeks. May be repeated for credit if different languages are involved.

• Department: Computer Science
• T 6:10 p.m.-8 p.m.
• Instructor: Ramana Isukapalli
  CULPA: 2 Info
• 1 points