Introductory course is for individuals with an interest in medical physics and other branches of radiation science. Topics include basic concepts, nuclear models, semi-empirical mass formula, interaction of radiation with matter, nuclear detectors, nuclear structure and instability, radioactive decay process and radiation, particle accelerators, and fission and fusion processes and technologies.
Interface between clinical practice and quantitative radiation biology. Microdosimetry, dose-rate effects and biological effectiveness thereof; radiation biology data, radiation action at the cellular and tissue level; radiation effects on human populations, carcinogenesis, genetic effects; radiation protection; tumor control, normal-tissue complication probabilities; treatment plan optimization.
Basic radiation physics: radioactive decay, radiation producing devices, characteristics of the different types of radiation (photons, charged and uncharged particles) and mechanisms of their interactions with materials. Essentials of the determination, by measurement and calculation, of absorbed doses from ionizing radiation sources used in medical physics (clinical) situations and for health physics purposes.
Systemic approach to the study of the human body from a medical imaging point of view: skeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, and urinary systems, breast and womens issues, head and neck, and central nervous system. Lectures are reinforced by examples from clinical two- and three-dimensional and functional imaging (CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, U/S, etc.).
Lab fee: $50. Theory and use of alpha, beta, gamma, and X-ray detectors and associated electronics for counting, energy spectroscopy, and dosimetry; radiation safety; counting statistics and error propagation; mechanisms of radiation emission and interaction. (Topic coverage may be revised.)
Students spend two to four days per week studying the clinical aspects of radiation therapy physics. Projects on the application of medical physics in cancer therapy within a hospital environment are assigned; each entails one or two weeks of work and requires a laboratory report. Two areas are emphasized: 1. computer-assisted treatment planning (design of typical treatment plans for various treatment sites including prostate, breast, head and neck, lung, brain, esophagus, and cervix) and 2. clinical dosimetry and calibrations (radiation measurements for both photon and electron beams, as well as daily, monthly, and part of annual QA).
Advanced technology applications in radiation therapy physics, including intensity modulated, image guided, stereotactic, and hypofractionated radiation therapy. Emphasis on advanced technological, engineering, clinical, and quality assurance issues associated with high technology radiation therapy and the special role of the medical physicist in the safe clinical application of these tools.
Practical applications of diagnostic radiology for various measurements and equipment assessments. Instruction and supervised practice in radiation safety procedures, image quality assessments, regulatory compliance, radiation dose evaluations and calibration of equipment. Students participate in clinical QC of the following imaging equipment: radiologic units (mobile and fixed), fluoroscopy units (mobile and fixed), angiography units, mammography units, CT scanners, MRI units and ultrasound units. The objective is familiarization in routine operation of test instrumentation and QC measurements utilized in diagnostic medical physics. Students are required to submit QC forms with data on three different types of radiology imaging equipment.
Practical applications of nuclear medicine theory and application for processing and analysis of clinical images and radiation safety and quality assurance programs. Topics may include tomography, instrumentation, and functional imaging. Reports.
Radiation protection practices and procedures for clinical and biomedical research environments. Includes design, radiation safety surveys of diagnostic and therapeutic machine source facilities, the design and radiation protection protocols for facilities using unsealed sources of radioactivity – nuclear medicine suites and sealed sources – brachytherapy suites. Also includes radiation protection procedures for biomedical research facilities and the administration of programs for compliance to professional health physics standards and federal and state regulatory requirements for the possession and use of radioactive materials and machine sources of ionizing and non ionizing radiations in clinical situations. Individual topics are decided by the student and the collaborating Clinical Radiation Safety Officer.