This course introduces cancer epidemiology through critical examination of assigned readings, lectures, and class discussion. Topics include the biology and molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis; cancer risk factors, including chemical, microbial, hormonal, genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors; epidemiologic methods and study designs; and patterns of cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. The course also addresses cancer prevention, screening, and control, including issues relevant to disproportionately affected populations. The course is offered in a hybrid format, with in-person and virtual sessions held throughout the semester.
The course "Private Equity" focuses on the essential aspects of corporate finance relevant to the private equity industry. The course follows the "private equity cycle" of selection, valuation, and harvesting. Initially, students learn to evaluate a target company from the perspective of a private equity firm, keeping in mind the needs of investors and management. The course then delves into financial modeling, deal structuring, PE fund raising and private equity investment management. We will cover the basic LBO model used throughout the industry to structure and value deals.
The course "Private Equity" focuses on the essential aspects of corporate finance relevant to the private equity industry. The course follows the "private equity cycle" of selection, valuation, and harvesting. Initially, students learn to evaluate a target company from the perspective of a private equity firm, keeping in mind the needs of investors and management. The course then delves into financial modeling, deal structuring, PE fund raising and private equity investment management. We will cover the basic LBO model used throughout the industry to structure and value deals.
“Advanced Private Equity” expands on the topics learned in “Private Equity” from a PE investment professional's perspective. The course follows the private equity cycle from sourcing to exit. With the help of guest speakers from the PE industry, students will learn about the early stages of the deal process: sourcing and diligence. The class will build a complex three-statement LBO model, learning about how modern deals are structured with private credit, management rollovers, and non-traditional capital structure decisions. The course shifts to the ownership side of PE deals: value creation. We will cover the strategies used by PE owners to grow and improve their portfolio companies, incorporating initiatives into our models. The course uniquely combines lectures and guest speakers on all topics, where the guest speakers bring applications of all key issues to the classroom.
Spatial epidemiology is the study of geographic distributions and determinants of health in populations. The goal of this class is to introduce students to relevant theory and methods, in order to provide the foundational skills required to understand and critically analyze spatial epidemiologic studies. The course emphasizes spatial epidemiology as a sub-discipline of epidemiology while acknowledging the many scientific disciplines that shape it, including biostatistics, cartography, criminology, demography, economics, geography, psychology, and sociology. We begin by defining spatial epidemiology and exploring these multi-disciplinary roots, with particular regard to the theoretical causal mechanisms that provide a bridge between social and physical environmental conditions and population health. We then provide a basic overview of geographic information systems and their utility for descriptive spatial epidemiology—including data visualization and cluster detection—before demonstrating how to incorporate spatial structures within conventional epidemiologic study designs to examine associational and causational relationships between environmental conditions and health outcomes. Class readings describe advances in theory and methods for spatial epidemiology and related disciplines, as well as concrete examples of applications for communicable disease, non-communicable disease, and injury epidemiology. This course is intended for doctoral and 2ndyear MPH students.
Leveraged Buyout. The term itself has a mystique to many people, but at its core it refers to buying a company (a “buyout”) using leverage (i.e., debt), usually a lot of it. While many types of business owners can utilize borrowings to fund an acquisition, the term is synonymous with private equity firms buying companies using significant amounts of borrowed capital. Leveraged buyouts date back to the 1960s, when the predecessors of the original private equity firms were bootstrapping deals together. While much has changed in the intervening decades—including the development and maturation of the private equity industry—some things have not, including leverage's importance in any buyout. Without one or more lenders or other credit providers, there cannot be a leveraged buyout; therefore, lenders and credit investors are important stakeholders in closing every private equity buyout. In addition, the leverage places certain constraints on the borrower, so the lender or credit provider is a key stakeholder in the ultimate success of the private equity firm’s investment.
By its nature, the financing of leveraged transactions is significantly different from that of large-cap publicly traded or Fortune 500 companies, which often have access to low-cost commercial paper, the investment-grade bond market, global banks, and numerous other parts of the capital markets. While those companies may borrow tens of billions of dollars from banks and other sources, those companies’ debt is typically considered relatively low risk (perhaps having a low debt-to-cap ratio or denoted as “investment grade”). Today, leverage in buyouts is often 40%, 50%, or even 60%+ of the company’s total capitalization. Underwriting for these deals in significantly different than traditional underwriting.
This course will cover the topic of leverage used in private equity buyouts
1
: why leverage is important, various commonly deployed forms of leverage, and trends in the overall marketplace (including the rapid growth of private credit, especially in the middle market). This course will provide:
an understanding of the various forms of leverage commonly deployed by private equity firms (and other business owners) in transactions, including borrowings from banks and private credit firms and through the issuance of high-yield bonds
the experience of acti
This course provides students an in-depth simulation of the private equity deal process. The course leverages a single (real-life) confidential information memorandum (CIM) supplied by a PE firm and works through all the major steps to get to the IC meeting. Students will work in groups to prepare the documents and models required for the final IC memo and have the opportunity to conduct deep diligence through interactions with management and industry experts. Guest speakers will be brought to class to recreate the diligence process, arrange financing, plan value creation, and finalize deal documents.
Prerequisites: the instructors permission. Students will make presentations of original research.
This advanced elective provides a rigorous, hands-on introduction to quantitative portfolio management and systematic investment strategies. Co-taught by Kent Daniel of Columbia Business School and Giuseppe Paleologo of Balyasny Asset Management, the course bridges academic theory and industry practice, equipping students with the analytical and computational tools used by leading asset managers.
Topics include factor model construction and estimation, mean-variance optimization, risk modeling (including BARRA-style approaches), backtesting methodology, transaction cost modeling, performance attribution, and dynamic portfolio optimization. Students will work with industry-standard financial databases such as CRSP, Compustat, and TAQ using Python and SQL, and will design and backtest an original quantitative strategy as a final group project. Guest speakers from top quantitative investment firms complement the lecture material throughout the term.
The course is ideal for aspiring buy-side equity professionals, macro and credit investors who apply a quantitative overlay, and data scientists supporting systematic investment processes. It is not designed for arbitrageurs, market makers, or derivatives traders.
Prerequisites:
This course carries a higher technical bar than most MBA electives. Students must have completed the finance core and Capital Markets and Investments courses (or equivalents), the CBS Python and database/SQL courses, and must be comfortable with linear algebra and introductory convex optimization at the level of Strang and Boyd and Vandenberghe respectively. Students without prior exposure to matrix operations or constrained optimization are strongly advised against enrolling. Familiarity with AI-assisted coding tools such as Claude Code, Cursor, or Copilot is encouraged, as these will be actively used in assignments and the final project.
This course, intended for non-clinicians with an interest in psychiatric epidemiology, is designed to familiarize students with the major psychiatric clinical entities and relevant issues concerning diagnosis, based in part on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. In this course, we will cover the phenomenology of mental illness by way of contemporary psychiatric theory and practice and give students heavy exposure to the process of psychiatric assessment. The course will start by introducing students to how to build a disorder from symptom bricks as well as giving students an in-depth review of clinical psychiatric evaluations. This foundation will ultimately be used through the duration of the semester as we discuss many of the major categories of mental disorders in the following weeks.
The primary objectives in this course are to gain knowledge about and to critically engage with current topics in the field of injury control and prevention, to develop research and scientific inquiry skills, and to make meaningful connections with experts in this field. In this course, we will learn from experts on four topics in the field of injury control and prevention. By the end of the semester, students will have improved their ability to interpret peer-reviewed research on current topics in injury control and prevention and will be prepared to go forward asking important scientific questions in this field, with a solid sense of what is already known and what is worthy of further inquiry and investigation. Readings will be determined by the four guest speakers based on what is relevant to their field of research.
The course is designed to introduce business students to the application of value investing concepts and disciplines to digital businesses. We will cover a wide range of digital business models in companies at a variety of stages and development.The course is organized around major digital business models and industry verticals. After the introductory sessions, each week will closely examine a leading digital company (or companies) within the model/vertical at issue, as well as an alternative established or emerging digital competitors. The analytical framework will be reflected in an Investment Committee Memorandum template that will serve as a basis for class discussion. The template incorporates the key decision-making variables relevant to a value investing approach. The first half of each class will focus on the overall sector identified and leading company example.The second half will include Investment Committee Memo presentations by two student groups on the alternative digital business examined. Some sessions will include participation of relevant leading digital investors or executives. In addition to weekly readings, the two textbooks for the class are: Value Investing: From Graham to Buffett and Beyond (VI) by Bruce Greenwald et al. and The Curse of the Mogul: What's Wrong with the World's Leading Media Companies (COM) by Jonathan Knee et al. The reading assignments for class combine chapters of the book with relevant background materials on the general sector and specific companies studied. Grading is based on:Final examination (65%) Group presentations (25%) Class participation (10%)"
Public health surveillance is the fundamental mechanism that public health agencies use to monitor the health of the communities they serve. It is a core function of public health practice, and its purpose is to provide a factual basis from which agencies can appropriately set priorities, plan programs, and take actions to promote and protect the public's health. This course will cover the principles of public health surveillance, including historical context, vital registration, disease reporting regulations and notifiable diseases, surveillance registries, surveillance for behaviors and risk factors, administrative data sources in surveillance, epidemiologic uses of surveillance data, legal and ethical issues, and dissemination of surveillance information.
The goals of this class are to familiarize the students with the methodological issues and design strategies used in environmental epidemiology and to develop the student's critical thinking regarding the application of epidemiologic methods. The course covers traditional approaches to environmental epidemiology such as, occupational cohorts and ecologic studies and also covers newer molecular epidemiologic approaches to exposure assessment and the analysis of gene-environment interactions. Discussions of classic environment-disease associations, such as aflatoxin and liver cancer, illustrate methodologies used to investigate the health effects of environmental exposures. Each week readings will be assigned for discussion in the following class, students are expected to be prepared to discuss the readings.
The course is very experiential. Learnings will be applied to companies that are currently fundraising and you will assess each company as if you were considering investing. There will be 2-3 guest lecturers (in addition to the startup pitches) from experts in the ecosystem so students get a varied perspective. Real company info will be shared in this class. As a result, class slides will be handed out in class but not shared electronically and class sessions will not be recorded.
Prerequisites: the instructors permission. Students will make presentations of original research.
This course will familiarize students with the financial, legal and strategic issues associated with
both corporate and governmental restructurings. The main focus will be on the restructuring of
financially distressed firms with particular emphasis on the negotiations between stakeholders to
convert existing claims into securities of the reorganized firm. The course will begin with a review
of the basics of corporate distress: how firms get into financial trouble, warning signs, balance
sheet composition and risk, and cost of both debt and equity capital. The course will include
discussions of operational restructuring techniques which can be used to avoid or at least mitigate
the need for balance sheet restructurings.
You might have heard that value, quant value to be specific, has not performed well over the last decade. Consider the Figure below. It shows the returns associated with investing $1 in four quant strategies, big value, big growth, small value and small growth. The facts are straightforward. Big growth has outperformed big value, but the value premium is alive and well amongst small stocks. In general, when one looks at value versus growth, growth has outperformed greatly. Does this mean value investing is dead? Absolutely not. Journalists and observers confuse quant value with value investing Modern value is about value investing: The process by which we estimate the fundamental value of the business operations of the firm in the context of the competitive position the company has in the industry and markets in which it operates. Notice that I wrote process. Value investing is indeed structured and systematic, and it needs to be because it is granular, focused on the specifics of the firm under consideration. Thus, it is easy to get lost in the details of the firm. The process helps you assess the importance of each bit of information and integrate them coherently in the analysis that combines tools from accounting, valuation and the economics of strategic behavior. around the appropriate aspects of the business?
This intensive course offers an introduction to multiple disciplinary and cross-disciplinary approaches to the major issues defining the emergence, persistence, and transformation of the countries that once comprised the Soviet bloc. The course explores the history, politics, economies, societies, and political cultures of Russia, the non-Russian republics of the former USSR, and East Central Europe, focusing on the conceptual, methodological, and theoretical developments employed by Soviet studies in North America and related disciplines. It also critically interrogates the enduring relevance and problems posed by the widespread use of the term “Soviet legacy” in reference to contemporary features and challenges faced by the region.
The intensive nature of this course is reflected in two ways- preparation and focus. First, the course carries a substantial reading load designed to inform and prepare students for the course sessions. These assignments will mostly be academic readings, but may also include short videos, news articles, and digital archival materials. In order to use our time together productively, the lectures and discussion will build upon, not review, the assignments for the session. Each session typically will be split into 2 segments, roughly of 55-60 minutes each. Many of these segments will be taught by guest lecturers who will give 30 mins presentations on their topic and then field questions. During our limited time for Q&A students should ask single, concise questions.
Clinical epidemiology is a basic science of clinical medicine and a subspecialty of epidemiology. It is the application of epidemiologic methods to studying problems encountered in clinical settings pertaining to the causes and management of diseases and medical conditions in individual patients. The central paradigm of clinical epidemiology is that exposure and outcome patterns of the disease in different population groups can be analyzed methodically to gain scientific knowledge about the etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, safety, and effectiveness of therapeutic and other interventions. Epidemiologic methods are increasingly used in clinical investigations to provide scientific evidence for assessing clinical practice and for improving clinical decision making and outcomes. This course is designed to introduce students to basic theories, concepts, and methods of clinical epidemiology, and provide them with the necessary tools and skills to critically appraise the clinical research literature, competently design and conduct clinical studies, and appropriately analyze and interpret clinical data. This course consists of one lecture and one laboratory session per week. Students will be evaluated based on a mid-term exam, final exam, and homework assignments.
This half session "B" course is focused primarily on the commercial real estate debt markets and is complimented by the half session "A" course, Real Estate Equity Markets. Students may wish to take both half courses sequentially for a complete understanding of the Real Estate Capital Markets or individually. The purpose of this course is to provide the student with a comprehensive understanding of both theory and practice in the commercial real estate debt markets both from the perspective of capital providers as well as property investors. The approach will be to make sure students first have a thorough grasp of the relevant theories and models used to value these assets and then to apply that understanding to reality seeing the limitations of the theory. Students will learn how to underwrite, size, and analyze a variety of commercial real estate debt including balance sheet first mortgage loans, first mortgage loans for securitization and CMBS, and subordinate debt structures including mezzanine loans, B- notes and preferred equity. The course will also teach the student how to analyze the $800 billion CMBS market, the largest commercial real estate debt market and the associated CRE CDO, CRE CLO and CMBX markets both from a theoretical and practical perspective. These markets finance about one quarter of all commercial real estate debt. They were also at the heart of the recent commercial real estate bubble, collapse and rebirth. Some time will also be devoted to agency "CMBS (multifamily)" markets including FNMA DUS MBS, FHLMC K certificates and Ginnie Mae Project and construction loan certificates. As a final project, students will be grouped into teams and given commercial real estate securities to analyze on a Bloomberg to make investment decisions. All students who would like to understand these critical markets and their connection to the commercial property markets are welcome. The course would be particularly appropriate for students wishing to pursue careers in real estate finance and/or trading, creating, investing in, researching, selling or regulating commercial real estate securities. The course is also recommended for students wishing to pursue careers as developers or investors in commercial real estate properties themselves (" the dirt") but want to understand how to fund their ventures via these instruments and how volatility in the real estate debt capital markets for these instruments can create opportunities and risks in the property markets themselves.
REITs have existed as a legal form for over 55 years, but the modern REIT era can be traced to the early 1990’s. Since that time, the sector has grown from approximately $5.0 billion in assets to over $1.0 trillion. More importantly, the migration of assets and talent into the public markets has helped make REITs one of the primary drivers of value creation in the real estate industry as well as a repository of operating expertise. By some estimates REITs today comprise 15.0% - 20.0% of the investible commercial real estate market; given significant competitive advantages, that share is growing. The net result has been irrevocable structural change and increased stability across the real estate industry. The REIT sector has evolved into a very viable and credible investment class; the group now comprises a significant weighting in the major stock indices with its own industry classification. Real Estate Equity Securities Analysis will serve as a substantive introduction to the companies that comprise the REIT and real estate securities sectors, conceptually and as an investment. The course will provide the requisite analytical tools to value real estate stocks; we will utilize conventional securities analysis tools, on an applied basis. It will also look holistically at the REITs as operating entities, specifically how these companies work and what they are worth. We will incorporate qualitative, strategic and technical considerations into the quantitative valuation analyses – to reach more rigorous and successful investment conclusions. Rhetorically, the course will utilize a combination of lectures and case studies, interactive group exercises and discussion. Notably, guest speakers will include senior executives from issuing REITs as well as buy-side securities investors – both hedge fund and global portfolio managers. The final project will group students into teams to select a specific REIT security and prepare a stock recommendation for presentation to an investment committee. Real Estate Equity Securities Analysis will provide the actionable skills and broad analytical insight to participate successfully -– as an investor or as a partner – in a sector that has emerged as one of the most important drivers of the real estate industry globally. Student Profiles: Real Estate Equity Securities is designed to be a second year, upper-level finance course. The pre-requisites below highlight the need for a working knowledge of fundamental real estate concepts, corporate finance, and
The purpose of the course is to provide students with a fundamental understanding of the business and practice of wealth management. Topics will include an overview of asset management, equity portfolios, stock selection, valuation metrics, mutual funds, ETFs, outside managers, asset allocation, income needs, and illiquid investments. These subjects will be discussed in the context of the changing macroeconomic environment. Emphasis will be placed on the importance of relationship management. Who are the clients? What are their core values and goals? We will discuss topics such as money and identity, success and status, family dynamics, and philanthropy. We will also address ways of understanding the purpose of wealth management, and the shifting focus from investment returns to a goals-based" approach."
This course will introduce fundamental concepts and a high-level overview of the burgeoning blockchain and cryptocurrency space. The course will begin by providing a background in fundamental concepts in Computer Science such as in cryptography, distributed systems, and data structures. It will then move on to an in-depth overview of blockchain, the history of Bitcoin and the proliferation of new consensus models, ICOs, smart contracts, and more. Industry guest speakers will share their perspectives.
The course’s objective is to teach the student how to develop, value, finance, and invest in residential real estate and residential real estate debt securities and derivatives as well as to understand how the US residential financing system works. Given its’ broad and deep sweep, students will learn about a wide range of topics ranging from the importance of fits and finishes in selling homes in a new subdivision, to how to entitle land, to how blockchain is being used to disrupt the mortgage origination process, to how to create an Agency residential CMO companion bond and a lot more. A range of housing types will be covered including: single family subdivisions, market rate urban condominiums, low and moderate income housing, workforce and student housing, manufactured housing, and senior residential living
communities, and rental apartments. At the end of the course we will also focus on racism and real estate.
The course is recommended for Columbia Business School MBA, EMBA, PhD and MSc financial engineering students who
wish to understand these markets better or who want to pursue careers or side businesses in developing and/or buying
residential types of real estate, and/or who wish to trade, sell, research, or institutionally invest in residential real estate
securities and derivatives. Cross registrants from SIPA, the School of Engineering, Law and Journalism schools who want
to better understand how housing development and the US housing finance system works are also welcome.
The course is directed towards students who are involved with the management of family businesses, either their own family's or someone else's, as well as towards students who interact with family businesses. The focus of this course is primarily on financing decisions faced by
privately held family businesses. We will explore the family, business, and ownership issues found in family owned and managed companies to get a better understanding of how financial decisions are influenced.
Through lectures, case studies, student work experiences and guest speakers, we consider questions of control, growth, liquidity, and the evolving role of governance and the family office in the financing decisions of the family owned enterprise.
The course has the following objectives:
• Develop a system framework to analyze factors influencing family business financial decisions.
• Increase your understanding, effectiveness and commitment as a member of a family firm (either you own family’s or someone else’s) or as an advisor to such firms
• Identify the characteristics that differentiate a family business from other businesses
• Examine the life cycles of family businesses from the perspective of business, family and ownership
• Learn to identify and evaluate situations and problems in family businesses
• Examine best practices and explore emerging trends in family business management
• Develop family business competitive strategies
This applied course introduces students to the epidemiology of HIV infection in resource-rich and resource-limited settings. Class sessions focus on the latest approaches to conducting surveillance of HIV and AIDS; the evolving burden of HIV infection in sub-groups, including men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, adolescent girls and older people; the development and evaluation of prevention- and treatment-related interventions across a range of settings; and the application of epidemiologic methods to understand historical and current controversies and determine best practices. Activate participation in class discussion and exercises, homework, a group presentation and a final project will be used to evaluate student progress towards learning objectives.
You cant disrupt any industry without dislodging its incumbents. And no incumbent goes down without a fight. Sometimes those fights happen in court. But usually, they take place in the halls of government: in city councils, state legislatures, municipal regulatory agencies, even local community boards. For 90% of technology startups, not understanding how to anticipate, handle and solve your coming regulatory problems is just as problematic as not being able to hire engineers or raise venture funding. Failure to anticipate politics can be fatal. However, there is a playbook for startups to disrupt and thrive. This class is designed to teach its students exactly how. Working in groups, students pilot new industries through the regulatory process, navigating the halls of power and the economics of disruption by analyzing the regulatory and political obstacles in their way. Students will figure out how to properly assess their opponents, develop and execute the right narrative in the media, build a grassroots movement, effectively lobby elected officials, regulators and political staffers, overcome entrenched interests standing in their way, and ideally, not only win legality for their idea, but build a regulatory moat to box out potential competitors.
Malaria imposes a profound burden on public health and inhibits economic growth. It is distributed over 90 countries accounting for an annual estimate of 400 million cases and over one million deaths, most of them in children. Pregnant women are more vulnerable to malaria, resulting in infection, miscarriages, severe anemia, maternal mortality and low birth weight. Low birth weight poses the greatest risk for neonatal death. The disease also affects non-immune immigrants, refugees and displaced populations during their movement from non-endemic to endemic areas. Resistance to anti-malarial drugs and insecticides by the Plasmodium human parasites and Anopheles vector mosquitoes respectively is widespread. This course examines the ecological and epidemiological characteristics of malaria, transmission dynamics, economic costs of malaria, available intervention strategies and the global challenge of its control.
This course focuses on the branch of epidemiology concerned with how social arrangements, processes, and interactions shape the population distribution of health and disease and produce social inequalities in health. The sub-discipline of social epidemiology has grown dramatically in the past decade and, while still evolving as an interdisciplinary enterprise, it is now an established field of etiologic inquiry, both incorporating and influencing the conventional theories, methods, and principles of epidemiology. This course will familiarize students with the key theories, concepts, methods, findings, and ongoing debates in social epidemiology. Through lectures, readings, and discussion we will review the major social determinants of health, the theories and empirical evidence with respect to how social conditions “get under the skin,” and the methodological challenges involved in measuring social phenomena and making causal inferences about the relationship between social factors and health. By the end of the course students will understand the theoretical, substantive, and methodological parameters of this growing sub-discipline of epidemiologic inquiry, and be able to evaluate both its strengths and limitations.
Prerequisites: the instructor's permission. A graduate seminar designed to explore the content, process, and problems of China's political and economic reforms in comparative perspective. Please see the Courseworks site for details
The outstanding notional amount of debt instruments in the world is well over $100 trillion which makes it larger than the global equity markets. Credit, is actually what makes the world go around yet it gets much less billing and excitement than other asset classes. If you think credit is just fixed income, I have a few hedge fund managers you should meet Some of them will be our occasional guest speakers!
In recent years, a number of infections have appeared for the first time, while many others have spread rapidly to new areas; these are termed emerging infectious diseases". HIV/AIDS, SARS, the recent Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), human infections with H5N1 and H7N9 avian influenza, and a number of others are recent examples. Infectious causes have also been implicated in such chronic diseases as gastric ulcers and certain cancers. This course examines the concept of emerging infectious diseases and our current understanding of emergence. The course will consider methods for identifying and studying emerging pathogens, factors responsible for disease emergence, and methods for surveillance and intervention.
The primary objectives in this course are to learn to systematically review and summarize primary research in chronic disease epidemiology, to synthesize scientific evidence to establish causal inference, and to understand how this evidence relates to scientific decision making for improving health outcomes. In this course, we will evaluate 4 topics in the epidemiology of chronic diseases. By the end of the semester, students will improve their ability to interpret the literature on current topics in chronic disease epidemiology and will be able to evaluate how the evidence can inform health decision making and causal inference. Readings will be based upon publications highlighted in the Dean’s Seminar Series on Chronic Disease and the Department of Epidemiology’s Chronic Disease Cluster seminars.
Mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders are substantial drivers of the global burden of disease. The burden is particularly high in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) where over 80% of persons in need of MNS services go untreated. Yet for decades, attention to MNS epidemiologic research in LMIC was scarce relative to both psychiatric epidemiology studies conducted in high-income countries as well as infectious disease epidemiology studies in LMIC. Recently, however, the emerging field of global mental health has been recognized by international agencies, including the United Nations (via the Sustainable Development Goals) and the World Health Organization (via the Mental Health Action Plan) as major funding agencies, including NIH, CDC, and the UK MRC have followed suit in prioritizing global mental health research.
As the field has emerged, challenges in how to appropriately conduct public mental health research in LMIC contexts have surfaced. Such challenges require the appropriate application of epidemiologic methods in order to accurately measure and describe MNS problems in LMIC and evaluate and implement intervention approaches. Epidemiologic methods to be discussed in this course include: complex survey designs to measure MNS prevalence in humanitarian and emergency settings; validation of mental health screening tools in the absence of a gold standard criterion among culturally diverse populations; evaluation of MNS intervention effectiveness using experimental and non-experimental designs; novel methods for assessing clinical competency and intervention fidelity of lay mental health providers in LMIC; and implementation science tools, designs, and analysis approaches for translating evidence-based interventions into practice in LMIC.
The course is designed to complement Priorities in Global Mental Health (P6813), which provides a broad overview of priority issues in global mental health, and epidemiologic methods series courses (e.g., Quant Core Module / P6400, and Epidemiology II). The course is also designed to be practical in the sense that the intent is for students to learn the ‘how to’ of conducting global mental health epidemiologic studies in the field. Each lecture will apply a core epidemiologic method or concept (e.g., information and selection bias; survey, cohort, case-control, and RCT study designs; effect modification; and causal inference) to the field of global mental health. Through lectures, int
Seminar for students in the Social Determinants certificate program
Life course epidemiology is the study of exposures, both physical and social, that occur during the periconceptional period, during gestation or during early childhood and adult health and disease risk. This course will examine conceptual models and identify study designs appropriate for a variety of life course research questions, as well as the limitations of these designs. Understanding the approaches to the life course, the development and evaluation of epidemiologic research designs related to the life course, and the contextual models and their relevance for the design and evaluation of research studies will be covered using a combination of lectures, case studies and small group work.
This course will argue for a broader spatial history of empire by looking at sites such as frontiers and borderlands in a theoretical and comparative perspective. The course will familiarize students to “frontier thesis” to the “spatial turn” and to the emergence of “Borderland Studies” before embarking on specific monographs highlighting borderlands scholarship in a global context. Formulations of power, race, gender, and class will be central to our comparative units of historical analysis and allow us to create conversations across area-studies boundaries within the discipline.
Ethnography is often taught as a method of observation. This course begins from a different premise: ethnography is a political technology of knowledge production shaped by empire, race, capital, gender, and disciplinary power. It is also a fragile and unfinished writing practice that scholars continually remake. This seminar treats ethnography as a site of struggle over these questions: Who can produce knowledge? Whose worlds become legible? Which archives endure? What research should refuse to know? And, how writing itself organizes relations of power?
Individual work with an adviser to develop a topic and proposal for the Ph.D. dissertation.
Large data sets provide crucial information for monitoring the health of our nation and evaluating public health policies. The principal goal of this course is for students to develop the skills to identify, process, and analyze these data to answer a specific research or policy question. The class is an applied, hands-on course that provides an introduction to several major health data sets and guides students in processing and analyzing these data. Students will hone computer and statistical skills developed in other research methods courses. Students with also gain insight into active research projects that utilize large scale health data sets via a series of guest lectures. By accessing data that measure health variables of current importance, the class provides a foundation for developing a variety of health policy research questions.
This course examines the movement to health care quality in the US, providing students with definitions of quality and a historical perspective on quality initiatives. Primary focus of the class is on quality initiatives in the past 10 years, including efforts by the Institute of Medicine, Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research, various accrediting organizations (e.g. NCQA), and employer-based initiatives such as HEDIS and Leapfrog. There will be in depth analysis of establishing and measuring the quality of health care in various organizational settings, on risk management and legal issues, and on recent efforts to link quality with pay for performance.
This course examines the movement to health care quality in the US, providing students with definitions of quality and a historical perspective on quality initiatives. Primary focus of the class is on quality initiatives in the past 10 years, including efforts by the Institute of Medicine, Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research, various accrediting organizations (e.g. NCQA), and employer-based initiatives such as HEDIS and Leapfrog. There will be in depth analysis of establishing and measuring the quality of health care in various organizational settings, on risk management and legal issues, and on recent efforts to link quality with pay for performance.
This course examines the movement to health care quality in the US, providing students with definitions of quality and a historical perspective on quality initiatives. Primary focus of the class is on quality initiatives in the past 10 years, including efforts by the Institute of Medicine, Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research, various accrediting organizations (e.g. NCQA), and employer-based initiatives such as HEDIS and Leapfrog. There will be in depth analysis of establishing and measuring the quality of health care in various organizational settings, on risk management and legal issues, and on recent efforts to link quality with pay for performance.
The current systems for the delivery of health services in the United States often fall short of addressing the health needs of many people living in the communities they cover and in so doing contribute to health status disparities. The objective of this course is to help students develop a framework to understand the needs of traditionally under-served populations and the challenges facing the delivery systems that handle these groups. This course has two major foci. The first is understanding who the “vulnerable” populations are as it relates to access to needed health services and disparities in health status. The interaction between health care systems and health care disparities will be explored. Particular attention will be paid to issues surrounding poverty, literacy, immigrant health care and several vulnerable sub-populations including gay-lesbian, homeless and prison. The second focus is service delivery for individuals traditionally under-served. This component includes an examination of organizations and provider (particularly physician)-patient relationships. Students will have the opportunity to move from the classroom to the street, observing, first-hand, several hospital and community-based arrangements.
This course is intended to provide students with the legal framework governing health care administration, management and policy. Students will analyze case law, and selected statutes relevant to health care administrators, providers, and consumers of care. Students will be exposed to the evolution of laws and the ethical, practical and political impact of laws in the management of health care institutions.
An examination of the complex and evolving healthcare and insurance system from the perspective of managed health care and insurance companies, hospital systems, IPAs, physicians, employers, patients, and pharma companies. This course will focus on the interplay among these key stakeholders. There will be four guest speakers from the healthcare industry who will help the students apply their readings and discussions to real challenges.
This advanced course builds upon foundational principles of healthcare finance and shifts the analytical focus to financial management from the perspective of health insurers and managed care organizations. Students examine how financial strategies, methodologies, and quantitative analyses are applied within the health insurance industry to support premium rate development, reimbursement design, and value-based payment models.
The cpurse emphasizes the financial and operational dynamics between payers and providers, including the economic incentives, cost-containment mechanisms, and revenue optimization strategies that influence performance across both sectors.
Through applied exercises and case-based analysis, students develop a practical understanding of how payment rates are calculated, negotiated, and structured between providers and payers. Students learn the impact to contracting decisions and profitability, network configuration, care delivery incentives, and overall healthcare affordability
Managing professionals is crucial to the success (or failure) of health care organizations because the provision of services primarily relies on human decision-making and interaction. Health care professionals determine the level of quality as well as the costs associated with health care services directly or indirectly. The goal of this course is to introduce students to the functions and issues associated with managing human resources in health care organizations through in class exercises and outside of class assignment that demonstrate the human resource challenges that graduates may face as health care executives in the future. Significant attention is given to: 1) workforce issues, 2) understanding legal issues related to the employment setting, 3) selection and retention of employees, 4) establishing performance standards and evaluating performance, and compensation, and 5) understanding the use and effects of monetary and non-monetary incentives in human resources management in the United States and globally.
This course examines one of the most significant but relatively recent developments in the healthcare market place: the trend toward increased consolidation of healthcare providers into larger practices and into vertically integrated delivery systems, as well as the parallel trend toward consolidation of health insurance companies into fewer, but much larger entities. It will draw upon economic theory, empirical research, and health policy and economic analysis to explore the implications of these developments, coupled with other emerging trends, on healthcare market competition, prices, profits, expenditures, and consumer welfare
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In this course we explore constitutional law through the lens of public health policy. We examine the relationships and tensions between individual and collective concerns. We evaluate public health issues from an American legal perspective to determine the constitutional soundness of the health promotion objective. In this course we consider multi-disciplinary factors and how they interact with issues of federalism, morality, economics and the politics of science. Readings include case law and related legal materials, in addition to writings by public health practitioners, historians, sociologists, economists and philosophers. Core topics include, among others, constitutional law and major constitutional cases relating to public health, economic analysis in law, tort litigation in public health, historical public health law perspectives, health promotion campaigns, property regulation, privacy protection, various case studies including immunization, civil commitment, infectious disease, tobacco policy and abortion law. Guest speakers provide additional current perspectives from practitioners.
Strategic Planning for Health Insurance Plans is designed to provide students with a broad and deep understanding of safety-net health insurance plan operations and management. Students will have the opportunity to manage plan finances, set benefit designs, and establish actuarially sound premiums, all while operating within the constraints of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. In a very abbreviated period of time, student will be completely immersed in real-world situations where they will be forced to make appropriate decisions which will either sustain or submerge the health plan. In addition to expanding their knowledge base about the health insurance industry, students will enhance their competency develop in a number of areas including analytical thinking, strategic orientation, collaboration, and communication. The 21 hours of course work will contain a blend of lectures, class work and a group project. Students will be evaluated on class participation (20%), learning reviews (quizzes (30%), and a group project (50%).
This course has two overall goals. The first is to increase your effectiveness in understanding and managing individuals and teams in health care organizations. The course’s second goal is to prepare you to effectively design organizations. Effective managers not only must lead individuals and teams: they also must ensure that their organizations are well-designed to deliver the results that their strategies promise. This entails developing knowledge and skills to analyze key issues in organizational structure, power and politics, culture, and change.
The course combines conceptual and experiential approaches. We draw on several sources of knowledge to accomplish course objectives: (1) conceptual frameworks and research findings from the social sciences; (2) case studies; (3) roles plays, videos and exercises; and (4) your own work and personal experiences. The class will be highly interactive, and active participation in discussions is expected.
The course selectively surveys ideas and frameworks from the social sciences and explores their implications for leadership and managerial practice.
Over the semester, the course considers questions of Mission and Vision (What areas, activities, or business(es) should we be in?") and questions of Strategy and Operations ("How can we perform or compete effectively in this area?"). It covers both strategy formulation ("What should our strategy be?") as well as strategy implementation ("What do we need to do to make this strategy work?"). The course also addresses several additional issues that are critical to the strategic management "process" (e.g.. designing planning systems, managing contention). The course emphasizes the multiple, related requirements of the leader/manager's job: analysis, creativity, and action.
Students apply advanced strategic frameworks and concepts to real-world, complex, strategic problems involving multiple healthcare sectors, institutions, players and/or disciplines/functions. Specific objectives include: the ability to conceptualize and model a complex, multi-faceted, multi-player healthcare strategic challenge in simple language and in a coherent framework that supports analyses and resolution; a deepened understanding of the inherent complexity and interdependency of the major challenges--economic, political, strategic, and operational--facing the healthcare industry and specific sectors, institutions, and players within the industry; the ability to apply strategic analysis and other curricular concepts and tools and field work experience to complex healthcare industry/management problems; the ability to think critically about issues, perspectives, and potential strategic options, using sophisticated analytical and problem-solving tools and informed judgement to formulate recommendations for presentation to senior healthcare executives and policy-makers; : the ability to formulate a set of strategic options--addressing the multiple health industry players and interconnected challenges--for consideration;
the ability to critique a number of strategic options available to a health industry/healthcare executive team (or multiple, interconnected teams) and conclude which sets of options may be optimal given internal institutional competences and external political, policy, and economic realities
Directing a public health non-profit requires knowledge of a variety of diverse content as well as organizational skills. This class will focus on leadership, facilitating change, human resources, strategic planning, grantwriting/fund-raising and assessing program effectiveness that public health professionals working as managers encounter on a regular basis. Students will have the opportunity to develop strategies for responding to daily management situations. The goal of the class will be to provide students an experience that will directly translate to working in public health organizations.
In recent years, entrepreneurship has gained enormous popularity, even becoming accepted as a means to address pressing social and environmental issues. A significant percentage of our economy is now based on small businesses, and an entrepreneurial career is more likely and possible than ever before. Even in a more traditional corporate career, entrepreneurial skills can serve a manager well as companies that see out new opportunities. The benefits of entrepreneurship are abundant: the creativity to grow and manager your own business, the freedom of time, the potential to accumulate significant wealth and the possibility of making the world a better place. How does it happen? How can we take an idea and a blank piece of paper and transform them into an operating business with customers, cash flow and profits?
This course will break the process into discernible steps and skills. It will teach skills in opportunity identification and evaluation as well as an understanding of the steps and competencies required to launch a new business. The focus will be on scalable businesses that are large enough to attract professional investors.
The Pivot_Professional Development is required for full-time MHA and MPH degrees in the Health Policy & Management (HPM) department. It is one component of the Professional Development Program (PDP), a comprehensive, co-curricular effort aimed at developing personal and professional skills to prepare students to enter the workforce successfully and to begin to develop necessary skills to be successful in their careers. The course will meet over three semesters for a total of 1.5 credits. Semester one will focus on self-discovery and personal branding, semester two will hone in on building skills to get your practicum and succeed in your practicum, and the third semester will largely focus on the full-time job search and the first 90 days on the job. Pivot will be complemented by Practicum Day, mock interviers, data software workshops and Career Service seminars.
The two main goals of this course are to develop skills needed to shape your professional self and develop the skills to find and thrive in a job. This course will help you achieve these goals by providing the tools to: (1) develop a professional persona (2) sharpen professional communication (3) collaborate effectively as a team member and (4) clarify career objectives.
The Pivot_Professional Development is required for full-time MHA and MPH degrees in the Health Policy & Management (HPM) department. It is one component of the Professional Development Program (PDP), a comprehensive, co-curricular effort aimed at developing personal and professional skills to prepare students to enter the workforce successfully and to begin to develop necessary skills to be successful in their careers. The course will meet over three semesters for a total of 1.5 credits. Semester one will focus on self-discovery and personal branding, semester two will hone in on building skills to get your practicum and succeed in your practicum, and the third semester will largely focus on the full-time job search and the first 90 days on the job. Pivot will be complemented by Practicum Day, mock interviers, data software workshops and Career Service seminars.
The two main goals of this course are to develop skills needed to shape your professional self and develop the skills to find and thrive in a job. This course will help you achieve these goals by providing the tools to: (1) develop a professional persona (2) sharpen professional communication (3) collaborate effectively as a team member and (4) clarify career objectives.
“Money, Politics & Law: Public Health and Abortion Policy” is a deep dive into health policy, health care finance, federalism, and regulatory and enforcement protocols through the unique lens of abortion. Public funding limitations, private insurance coverage restrictions and provider supply constraints are perpetually debated in health policy but remain critical leverage points influencing abortion care. With access alternately protected and eroded by courts, legislatures and regulators nationwide, abortion remains the single most controversial health care service in the United States. Although generally safe when performed legally and cost-effective relative to pregnancies carried to term, the future of abortion appears uncertain. Using abortion as a case study, students conduct a multi-disciplinary examination of legislative, executive and judicial branches of government in action.
In each of seven sessions, students will scrutinize facets health law and policy- from landscape view to microscopic dissection- to understand how abortion both mimics and is marginalized relative to other health care services. The course begins by exploring patterns of payment for abortion, selected abortion jurisprudence, federal statutes, key state laws and the regulatory frameworks affecting funding for abortion. How much does abortion cost? Who pays for it and how? Students focus on public financing limitations including the Hyde Amendment, Harris v. McRae and its state level progeny; private insurance coverage and coverage bans including the Affordable Care Act and implementing regulations; noninsurance based funding mechanisms for abortion services including out-of-pocket contributions, borrowed money, sliding scale negotiations, structured funds and philanthropy. Complex issues influencing the abortion provider supply including medical malpractice insurance, laws governing provision of care by non-physicians, and provider training pipelines are explored. This cutting edge health policy case study concludes by contextualizing US abortion policies among developed nations and examining abortion-related restrictions on US foreign funding.
This course provides an advanced, critical analysis of the delivery and payment of healthcare services in the U.S. with a specific focus on actions innovative healthcare providers and health insurers are
taking to improve the quality of patient care, manage the escalating costs of providing such care, and enhance business performance. It will analyze the attractiveness and feasibility of new approaches to address the challenges facing providers, payers and patients operating in an inefficient, misaligned, and fragmented healthcare system. Particular focus will be given to the impact of the 2009 HITECH Act as well as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010. There will be guest lectures by a variety of major leaders in healthcare business and policy. The course will be useful for students interested in careers in health system management, health insurance, HCIT, healthcare consulting & banking, private equity, investment management, health policy, entrepreneurship in the healthcare services sector and pharmaceuticals, medical devices & diagnostics.
For students who wish to acquire further knowledge and research skills in areas of special interest. Tailored to the particular needs and interests of individual students, they can take many forms - literature reviews, research projects, field experiences, other special studies, or learning experiences. The objective is to enrich the students program.
This course consists of two components: a computer science component and a health policy-specific component. The first component consists of lectures, homework assignments, and in-class quizzes in the Department of Computer Science, which introduce students to algorithmic problem solving and implementing solutions in Python. These lectures will include students enrolled in context sections from other parts of the University, and assume no prior experience with programming whatsoever. They will be supplemented by a weekly lab at CUMC for Mailman students, which will focus on guiding students through practical examples/applications of the methods presented in the lectures. The second component of the class is context-specific, and includes a health policy analysis project, in which students apply programming methods learned in class to a health policy problem, as well as context lectures given at CUMC in the second half of the semester. These context lectures will focus on the ever-expanding role of computing and “big data” in health policy and healthcare, and will discuss recent research on these topics. Attendance for all lectures and labs is mandatory.
With the Middle East and other regions of the world in political turmoil, and with the frequent occurrence of natural disasters and deadly epidemics, the demands on and the stakes involved with humanitarian aid in health grow steadily higher. Yet both historical and recent political and scientific controversies abound regarding how it should be planned and delivered. In this course, students will explore some of the most salient of these controversies and review concrete cases of intervention from Africa, Asia, the Americas, the Middle East, Europe and former Soviet Union. The twin objectives of the course are to provide students with: 1) a rigorous understanding of current policies and approaches to humanitarian aid in health, and 2) the analytical tools and historical perspective to participate, as public health professionals, in the field’s renewal. The course will be provided through a mix of lectures, discussion and debates. Major international UN and NGO practitioners will be invited to participate in the debates and a United Nations Headquarters tailored site visit will be organized.
Pedagogy of Sexuality Education will provide students with the background and skills they need to design, implement and evaluate effective sexuality education interventions. The course will emphasize teaching methodology for working with groups and students will learn both theories of behavior change and techniques for influencing the key determinants that are relevant in encouraging sexual health. Further, all students will learn strategies for facilitating group learning, responding to the needs of students of various ages and developmental stages, and ways to engage parents. The course will include designing and delivering lesson plans and receiving substantive feedback from the other course participants and the instructor. The course will analyze emerging digital approaches to sexuality education and ways to translate what has been learned about effective in person sex education into digital strategies. We will also cover techniques for working effectively within tight time constraints and preventing controversy. The context in which young people are learning about sexuality as well as current dominant cultural scripts about sexuality will be examined.
The class explores how laws, policies, and rights function to shape public health, with particular emphasis on the implications of this interaction for rights-based approaches to health programs, policy and advocacy. The course includes an introduction to the principles, provisions and underlying assumptions of law, policy and rights related to public health. Students then have the opportunity to use human rights tools and principles in documentation of health-related human rights violations and formulation of programmatic and advocacy responses to violations. A wide range of issues – HIV, health problems of criminalized populations, autonomy of people living with mental disorders, racial discrimination in health services and related policy, and rights-unfriendly practices of for-profit companies – are used to illustrate the importance of human rights inquiry and analysis in public health.
The goal of this course is for students to explore and gain a more in-depth understanding of current issues related to sexual and reproductive health. The course will examine how current trends in public health and public policy—and the historic policies, processes, and narratives from which those trends emerge—shape health access and outcomes and drive inequities among certain populations, particularly youth, LGBTQ
communities, immigrant communities and communities of color. The course will use a systems approach, pushing students to identify and analyze the relationship between issues such as welfare policy, economic inequality, maternal mortality and toxic stress and sexual and reproductive health. The class will better equip students to understand, analyze and intervene in systems of oppression and inequality in order to advance equity for all people. Some sessions will feature guest speakers from the fields of policy, public health and advocacy who will share their own experiences and perspectives on current critical issues in sexual and reproductive health.
This is a required course for all students in the Sexuality, Sexual and Reproductive Health (SSRH). The course is also open to non-Mailman students interested in exploring sexual and reproductive health issues (instructor permission required).
In this course you will learn to develop and implement a quantitative data analysis plan and to interpret the output of quantitative analyses using datasets from actual evaluation studies. The early phase of the course will focus on essential pre-analytic tasks often overlooked in the research training process. These include identifying and resolving dirty data including logical inconsistencies and conducting simple and complex data transformations. The second half of the course focuses on conducting bivariate and multivariable statistical tests. This is an applied course, emphasizing skill-building through hands-on work using R in each class session. Reflecting the focus on skill-building, this course includes weekly homework using R.
How do we prepare for and respond to communicable disease outbreaks in low-resource settings? How are diseases transmitted, and how do we prevent, detect, and control the major communicable diseases encountered by populations in low-resource health care settings? How are governments, the UN, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) responding to disease prevention, mitigation, and control? How do we study what has worked to control disease outbreaks and what has not during situations of war, civil strife, migration, and mass displacement of people and in under-resourced health settings globally?
Whether caused by a natural disaster, conflict or famine, a humanitarian crisis often brings increased morbidity and mortality from direct and indirect causes, including communicable diseases. People moving into crowded communal settlements or shelters means that diseases like diarrhea and measles spread easily. Damage to sanitation facilities or a lack of clean water means rapidly transmitted water- and vectorborne diseases. Since the 1994 cholera epidemic in Goma, Zaire, the humanitarian community has improved its ability to perform operational research to detect and respond to communicable disease outbreaks where infrastructure and information are limited and come up with evidence-informed approaches to the response. Exploring the interplay of programmatic and scientific advances in humanitarian response is imperative to developing and capitalizing on the lessons learned from previous emergencies.
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, these lessons are more pertinent than ever as the global community struggles to control the spread of the virus and vaccinate populations in an efficient, equitable manner. This course focuses on familiarizing students with epidemiology, pathobiology, diagnostic methods, treatment, preventive interventions, and, especially, programmatic considerations regarding the leading infectious diseases encountered by communities, governments, and humanitarian actors in underresourced health settings. We will evaluate the effectiveness of different stakeholders, including ministries of health, international governments, and NGOs, in outbreak preparedness and response.
Public policy and the organization of health systems profoundly shape the health and well-being of children and youth in the United States. Building on an overview of key federal and state agencies, major pediatric programs (such as Medicaid and CHIP), and leading causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality, this course examines how policy, financing, and models of care contribute to both children's health and inequities. Through focused lectures and applied in-class activities, students analyze contemporary policies and programs, critique government strategy documents, and practice translating evidence for policymakers, professionals, parents, and youth audiences. By the end of the course, students will be able to evaluate federal and state roles in pediatric population health, assess the impact of pediatric policies and care models, and communicate clear, persuasive evidence-based recommendations to diverse interest holders.
Class participants will be offered both a didactic experience and hands-on field exploration of the evolving public health mission and role of schools as an organized network for health education, medical care, and civic involvement. While the emphasis will be on the existing models of School Health available in the local urban New York area, students will also explore alternate school health models in rural, national, international, and global settings. This class is designed for MPH candidates from all departments who are looking to complete their graduate school experience through the integration and application of their skills sets with practical program experience on the field. Participants will work as a group with a community school to plan and develop a project proposal for funding and implementation. Students will interact with various local agency and community players in both the education and school health fields. This course will also expose candidates with an interest in school health, child health, health education and health promotion to local agencies and non-profits directly involved in education and school-related public health services.
This course is designed as an advanced seminar/workshop for 2nd year master’s students in epidemiology who are seeking to strengthen their critical thinking skills and hone their abilities to effectively communicate public health content to varied audiences, for varied purposes, through scientific writing and oral communication. This course will provide practical experiences that reinforce core epidemiology skills, including data interpretation, data synthesis, and critical analysis of epidemiologic research, with an emphasis on logic and reasoning, scientific argumentation, and effective communication. Didactic lectures/presentations and course discussions will focus on identifying and appropriately citing scientific sources; making logical scientific arguments; effective argumentation; effective writing and oral presentation skills development/enhancement; identifying challenges to effective written and oral communication and strategies to address them; skills development in the peer-review process, and tailoring scientific presentations to various types of audiences and for various purposes. Students should have a public health topic or research question of interest before the start of the semester. Students who enroll in this class can be exempt from P9419, Master’s Thesis I.